Renal Calculus. 247 



(35-9°C). With hepatic comphcation there was greater weak- 

 ness, giddiness, and higher temperature (39.6°C). Urine is 

 usually increased (in man albuminous) and the casts have shown 

 the anyloid reaction. The}' tend to be fatt^^ or finely granular. 

 Casts may, however, show anjdoid reaction when the kidney, 

 post-mortem, does not (Jaksch). 



Diagnosis from Bright 's disease is often impossible. 



Treatment is essentiall}- the same as in chronic nephritis, and is 

 not hopeful. 



Trasbot recommends KI 3 to 7 grs. , or tinct of iodine 3 drops 

 for shepherd dog. Ol. terebinth and alkaline diuretics are also 

 commended. 



RENAL CALCULUS. 



This is nnich more common than is supposed. Small calculi 

 formed in the tubuli uriniferi of cattle on dry winter feeding often 

 pass without recognition, and habitually disappear on rich spring 

 and sununer grass. 



If retained in the pelvis until increasing size forbids their pass- 

 age through the ureter they form pelvic calculi. 



If retained in the bladder so that they cannot enter the urethra 

 they form cystic calculi. 



Pelvic calculi or concretions are often Tin cattle and swine) mere 

 scales lying in chalices. They may fill the whole pelvis and send 

 branching processes into chalices. 



Causes. The}' are attributed to phosphaturia, lithsemia or uric 

 acid diathesis, oxaluria, etc. In cattle they are associated with dry 

 feeding and are connnon on all magnesia?! limestone soils. There 

 are usually catarrh of the kidnej' and the presence of bacterial fer- 

 ments and colloids (pus, albumen, etc.). (Sharing and Ord.) 

 Calculi or gravel is preceded by renal catarrh, but this is aggra- 

 vated by the cr5'stalline deposit. Bacteria act also in producing 

 NH3O. which instantly precipitates ammonio-magnesian phos- 

 phate. Retention of urine greatly favors the precipitation. 



Symptoms . A white or brownish j-ellow deposit in the last urine 

 discharged collects on the floor. Cloudy urine. Passage of cry- 

 .stals — round— or angular. Colic. Lameness in one or both hind 



