Injuries of the Ureters. 249 



Sclerostonia eqninum : (renal arteries, kidney pelvis), soliped. 



Stephannrus dentatus : Pig, (pus cavities). 



Trichosoma plicata : (Urinary bladder), dog. 



T. felis: (Cat), bladder. 



Indetermined embryos : Kidneys, dog ; small tumors. 



Cytodites nudiis : Kidneys ; hens. 



CEstrus, (Gast. Hemorrhoidalis) : Bladder walls ! horse. 



Miicorimyces : Kidneys ; dog. 



Coccidia : Kidney, Horse, dog, goose. 



INJURIES OF THE URETERS. 



Lesions by bullets, arrows, stabs, bruises and lacerations in parturition, 

 treads, wheels, tumors, ulcers, calculi, tubercles, parasites. Course. 

 Pathology : transverse division may cause hydronephrosis, or septic peri- 

 tonitis. Symptoms: uncertain, traumatism, bloody urine, arched, stiff, 

 tender loins, straining, recumbency, groaning in turning or rising, rectal 

 palpation of distended ureter, of ascitic fluid, pitting on pressure of loin, 

 flank or groin, liquid drawn through a cannula is urinous, urine still dis- 

 charged by normal channel. Crystals in urine, worm ova. Treatment : 

 compresses, fomentations, sinapisms, anodynes, balsams, antispasmodics, 

 extraction of calculus, lateral implantation of urethra. 



From their deep and protected position it might be plausibly 

 concluded that the ureters were secure against every kind of 

 traumatism. This however, is not the case, since in both man 

 and animals they have been known to have been injured by 

 bullet wounds, arrow wounds, and stab wounds of various kinds. 

 In distokia with laceration of the womb, vagina or bladder th^ 

 ureter is liable to be injured. By blows and kicks it may even 

 be ruptured or torn across, and also b}' sudden and severe me- 

 chanical compression of the abdomen as when run over by a 

 wagon or trodden on by a horse, ox, or other large animal. Tu- 

 mors of various kinds may grow in, or press upon the ureter, 

 ulcers with thick indurated margins or base may obstruct the 

 passage, or calculi, or worms may block and give rise to over- 

 distension and even rupture. Kopp describes obstruction by 

 multiple calculi with saccular dilation in front, close to the kidney 

 in a cow. Cadiot records cases of thickening of the mucosa by 



