254 Veterinary Medicine. 



may descend from a suppurating kidney. Another occasion of 

 microbian invasion is the congestion which attends on exposure 

 to cold. ' 



Lesions. Hypersemia of the cystic mucosa, with dilation and 

 tortuous deviations of the larger vessels, thickening of the mem- 

 brane, and distension and clouding of the epithelial cells, with a 

 thick covering of tenacious mucus containing epithelial, pus, or 

 white blood cells. As the disease advances epithelium is desqua- 

 mated abundantly, and degenerates with production of free nuclei 

 and pus. Along with these are microbes, usually the bacillus coli 

 communis, and various cocci. In the fully e.stablished disease 

 there is liable to be alkaline fermentation, and the liberated am- 

 monia dissolves the epithelial cells, leading to extensive desqua- 

 mation and raw granulating surfaces, so that the disease tends to 

 run in a vitiating circle, the alkali dissolving the epithelium and 

 increasing the microbian development and fermentation, which in 

 its turn produces an increasing quantity of ammonia. 



Symptoms. There is slight hyperthermia or none, stiff or strad- 

 dling gait, frequent passage of urine in small quantities and 

 cloudy, or straining without passage, the penis or clitoris is semi- 

 erect, eversion of the lips of the vulva is frequent, and the blad- 

 der is tender (through prepubian wall, vagina or rectum). If a 

 finger is inserted into the bladder in the mare the thickening of 

 the walls can often be recognized. The urine often contains pre- 

 cipitated crystals of ammonio-magnesian phosphate, and even 

 clots of blood. It has an alkaline reaction even in herbivora. 



Treatment. The danger centres around the bacteridian fermen- 

 tations, and a main object must be to disinfect the bladder. This 

 will be all the more effectual if the lotions used are of an acid re- 

 action. Thus boric acid or salicylic acid in 3 per cent, solution, 

 injected after evacuation of the bladder and repeated a number of 

 times a day may soon establish a healthy action. If the bladder 

 is especially irritable a boiled weak solution of gum arable will 

 form a suitable medium. Other antiseptics are often used as 

 creasote (0.5:100), carbolic acid (3:100), chloride of zinc 

 (3 : 100), chlorate of potash (3 :ioo), mercuric chloride (i : 5000), 

 silver nitrate (0.5 : 100), or astringents are often better: PbA, 

 ZnSO^ tannic acid, ferri chloridi in dilute solution so as not to 

 cause pain. 



