32 2 Vetei'inary Medicine. 



and draw it downward and outward from the bulb, and then deftly 

 invert it over the tip of the finger. In the old the unpigmented 

 conjunctiva may appear yellow from the presence of subcon- 

 junctival fat, or this may appear at any age from hepatic disease 

 (distomatosis) or icterus. It is swollen, or dropsical in anaemia, 

 distomatosis, etc. 



5th. Examine the ciliary vessels whether they are con- 

 gested or not. These are distinguished from the conjunctival 

 ves.sels in that they radiate in straight lines outward from the 

 margin of the transparent cornea and do not move on the sclerotic 

 under pressure. They are enlarged and very red in congestion 

 of the ciliary circle and in iritis. In eyes devoid of pigment over 

 the sclerotic, there is usually a circular, narrow, white zone be- 

 tween the congested area and the margin of the transparent cornea. 



6th. Examine the Membrana Nictitans. See that its free 

 margin is uniformly smooth, eve'n, and thin and that there is no 

 swelling, congestion nor morbid growth on any part of the 

 structure. 



7th. See if the transparent cornea is perfectly and uni- 

 formly smooth, transparent and glistening and if it reflects 

 clear, erect images of all objects in front of it. The image 

 of a round object which shows any irregularity in the curvature 

 of its margin implies a deviation from an uniform curvature of 

 the cornea : the image narrows in the direction of the smaller arc 

 and broadens in the direction of the larger one (see keratoscopy, 

 ■ and corneal astigmatism). 



8th. A foreign body on or in the cornea may be recognized 

 in a good light, but better and more certainly under focal oblique 

 illumination (see this heading). 



9th. A corneal ulcer may be similarly recognized. It is 

 made more strikingly manifest by instilling into the lower ad de 

 sac a drop of a solution of fluorescin and rubbing it over the eye 

 by moving the eyelids with the finger. This will stain the whole 

 cornea. If now tlie excess of stain is washed away by a few 

 drops of boric acid, the healthy part of the cornea is cleared up 

 and the ulcer retains a bright yellowish green tint. 



loth. Opacity or Floating objects in the aqueous humor 

 (flocculi of lymph, pus, pigment, blood, worms) are always to be 

 looked for. They may be detected by placing the eye in a favor- 



