TUMORS OF THE EYEIvIDS. 



W^arts. The most common tumors of the eyelids in horses, 

 cattle, and dogs are warts. These are most simply disposed of 

 by seizing them with rat-tooth forceps and clipping them off with 

 sharp scissors curved on the flat. An}' bleeding maj' be checked 

 by a pencil of silver nitrate. 



Sarcoma, melanoma, and epithelioma are conmion in soli- 

 peds, especially in the gray and white. They usually form a 

 cauliflower-like mass red and angry and bleed easily. They 

 may occupy any part of the lid, the skin, the dark tarsal margin, 

 the connective tissue or the mucosa, and not unfrequentl}' tliey 

 involve the eyeball, and the surrounding tissues, even the bones 

 of the orbit. 



Treatment. These may be excised like warts taking care to 

 remove ever}' vestige of disease. In these cases I have usually 

 found it neces.sary to remove the entire bulb. 



FRACTURE OF THE ORBIT. 



Nature arid Caiises. The usual seat of fracture is the orbital 

 process of the frontal bone, yet any portion of the orbital mar- 

 gin may suffer, and even the inner wall or floor of the orbit 

 may be broken by a penetrating instrument. Horses and polled 

 cattle and sheep are especially exposed to the injury, while in 

 horned stock the region is in a measure protected. Carnivora, 

 which have no bony orbital process, are less liable but may 

 still su.stain fractures of the remaining parts. Hor.ses and polled 

 ruminants suffer mainly from beating the head on the ground 

 or other solid body in the paroxysms of colic and enteritis, or 

 in nervous affections ; horned stock suffer from concussions in 

 fighting and direct blows by the horns. All animals suffer from 

 blows with clubs, kicks and other mechanical injuries. 



Symptoms. With (and less frequently without) a skin wound, 

 there may be indication of depression, or mobility of the de- 

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