446 Veterinary Medicine. 



tioii of the general senses can always be looked on as a favorable 

 indication. 



In cases that come on slowly and which are accompanied by 

 symptoms of vascular disturbance or structural changes in the 

 eye, or brain, treatment is likely to be less successful. Never- 

 theless coenurus may be removed by surgical means, depressed 

 fractures may be elevated, and acute cerebral and meningeal 

 congestions may be met by appropriate measures. If the cere- 

 bral congestion is acute, free bleeding from the jugular with a 

 strong purgative and the application of ice or cold water to 

 the head may prove useful. Apparent benefit has also followed 

 the use of blisters on the face or back of the ear, of setons, 

 and later of a weak electric current and strychnia. Tumors 

 also may be advantageously removed. 



But in cases marked by destruction of the retina or papilla, 

 by congestion or atrophy of the optic nerve, by destructive 

 di.sease of the optic foramen, or of the brain or its meninges, 

 treatment is futile. 



ANOPHTHALMOS. ATROPHY OF THE EYEBALL. 

 PHTHISIS BULBI. MICROPHTHALMOS. 



In some cases the eye is congenitally absent { Anophthalnios) . 

 In others it is abnormally small. One such ca.se came under 

 the notice of the author in which the eyeball was represented 

 by a small black sphere about half an inch in diameter moved 

 by the ocular muscles. The dam of the filly, born with this 

 defect, had, during the pregnancy, a burdock entangled in the 

 forelock and causing a violent ophthalmia which was supposed 

 to have lasted for months. In other cases there is a fistula 

 opening from tlie vitreous behind. 



Cases of wasting and atrophy of the ej'e follow on exudates 

 into the vitreous and their subsequent contraction, or on sup- 

 puration and granulation as noted under internal ophthalmia, 

 recurrent ophthalmia, and panophthabnia. The condition may 

 also result from atrophy or degeneration of the optic nerve or 

 of its cerebral ganglia (thalamus, corpora quadrigemini, geniculata, 

 etc). These conditions are irremediable. 



