42 Veterinary Medicine. 



should be well apart from that used for fat swine, and the loading 

 banks, chutes and yards should be entirely distinct and should be 

 thoroughly disinfected on every occasion after use. The millions 

 now lost yearly from swine epizootics might well warrant the in- 

 convenience and expense entailed by such precautions. Heavy 

 penalties should be imposed on those shipping pigs from infected 

 localities, on those making false certificate, and on all who in any 

 way violate the law. 



Independently of State or local authorities the stock owner can 

 do much to protect himself. He can make a number of pens 

 large enough to hold 2 or 3 pigs each, safely fenced off from one 

 another and so constructed that no drainage can take place from 

 pen to pen. Then in winter in the absence of flies, and with 

 rats, mice, and birds excluded the opportunity for the extension 

 of infection from pen to pen can be kept at its minimum. All 

 pigs must be kept apart from the manure heap, and in summer 

 the manure must be so treated as to destroy the larvae of flies. 

 All food and water that might convey infection must be guarded 

 against. Then if one pig is attacked it will only be necessary to 

 destroy it and its two fellows in the same pen, and even if those 

 in adjacent pens are killed or quarantined the loss will be a trifle 

 as compared to the ruin of the whole herd, as usually happens. 

 Prompt disinfection of the pens and manure is imperative, and 

 the same would apply to the person and clothes of the attendant, 

 and to all stable utensils. 



Immimization by injection of sterilized products of the bacillus, 

 has not proved satisfactory. In 1880 I applied this to two pigs, 

 causing a transient fever, after recovery from which, the subjects 

 resisted exposure to infected pens and pigs, and even virulent 

 inoculations. But they failed to thrive well. Later experiments 

 by Drs. Salmon and DeSchweinitz respectively, also proved un- 

 satisfactory. The latter separated and injected the enzymes, but 

 lost 50 per cent of his cases, the survivors proving immune, with 

 the drawback of troublesome local lesions. The enzymes obtained 

 from cultures in milk could be used safely on guinea pigs in the 

 dose of 0.01 grams and in some cases even up to 0.04 securing 

 immunity. But the great risk of an overdose, the frequent local 

 lesions, and the subsequent unthrift, have prevented the adoption 

 of the method. 



