Pneumo-enteritis in Sheep, etc. 71 



with its ready transmission from swine to sheep and vice versa, 

 apparently serves to differentiate it from the cocco-bacillns, and 

 the disease from the haemorrhagic septicaemia of Lignieres. 



Pathogenesis. In Galtier's first observations in Basses Alpes 

 four separate flocks were infected by pigs brought all from one 

 market, and placed in or by the pens of the sheep where they 

 sickened and one in seven died in a few days. Then the mortality 

 began among the sheep and ranged as follows : 1st flock lost 10 

 in 37 : 2d flock 16 in 25 : 3d flock 8 in 20 : 4th flock 12 in 22. 

 On one farm 10 sheep were sent to a neighbor's just before the 

 arrival of the sick pigs and escaped, and on another a second 

 flock kept in outlying pens well apart from the home flock kept 

 perfectly sound. 



With cultures of the microbe in vitro, he successfully inoculated 

 sheep, goats, dogs, chickens, Guinea pigs, rabbits, and, finally, 

 a calf and an ass. The cultures were inoculated in different cases ; 

 intravenously, into the trachea, pleura, lung, and subcutaneous 

 connective tissue, and one goat was infected by ingestion. 



Lignieres claims that Galtier must have worked with a complex 

 infection in which his (L,ignieres' ) cocco-bacillus was an essential 

 constituent. The evidence of this is, however, lacking, and we 

 must recognize that Galtier made cultures which showed the close 

 relationship of his organisms to swine plague, and their lack of 

 complete identity with those of the Lombriz. 



Ljenaux and Conte had pathogenic results in a limited number 

 of animals only (rabbit, mouse, Guinea pig) illustrating the fa- 

 miliar truth of the variability in the pathogenesis of different 

 specimens of septicaemic bacteria of the colon group. 



Symptoms. 1. Acute Form. There is a sudden marked rise 

 of temperature, often to 107 F., with acceleration of pulse and 

 respiration. Sometimes death follows so early as to prevent the 

 observation of other symptoms. If otherwise there supervene 

 marked dulness, prostration, somnolence, anorexia, suspension of 

 rumination, and more or less tympany of the rumen. The 

 patient is found lying down, apart from the flock, indisposed to 

 rise, with deep red, congested, arborescent conjunctiva and other 

 mucous membranes, and petechial spots on these and on the white 

 portions of the skin. The faeces, at first moderately firm and 

 moulded in pellets, marked here and there with lines of mucus, 



