78 Veterinary Medicine. 



drinking troughs and buckets ; also manure, stable utensils, hay, fodder, 

 litter, or watershed from infected places ; disinfect cars, wagons, etc. Se- 

 clude inmates of infected stable, yard, park, etc., temporarily close public 

 drinking and feeding places, make sale or exposure of infected animal 

 penal ; temporarily close dealers' stables ; sale with general guarantee only. 

 Disinfection. Immunization ; inoculation from mild case. Treatment : 

 hygienic, antipyretic, eliminating, antiseptic, surgical, tonic, antisuppurant. 



Synonyms. Distemper ; Coryza Contagiosa Eqtiorum ; Gourme 

 (Fr.) ; Druse (Ger.) ; Cimorro (Ital.). 



Definition. An infective, streptococcic, febrile disease of soli- 

 peds, usually manifested by a catarrhal inflammation of the upper 

 air passages, and phlegmon of the adjacent lymph glands, or less 

 frequently by phlegmonous inflammation of lymph glands else- 

 where or of the skin. 



Historic Notes. Strangles was fairly indicated in the writings 

 of the ancient Greek veterinarians, and was clearly described and 

 attributed to contagion by Solleysel in 1664. It was so evidentl} 7- 

 infectious that it was experimentally inoculated by Lafosse in 

 1790, by Viborg, in 1802, and later, by Erdelyi (1813) and 

 Toggia (1823) and others. Rivolta, in 1873, found a strepto- 

 coccus in the pus of its abscesses, and to this the contagion was 

 definitely assigned by Baruchello (1887), Schiitz, Sand and Jensen 

 (1888). Priority in this demonstration is accorded to Schiitz. 



Bacteriology. The streptococcus coryztz contagiosa; Equi ( Strepto- 

 coccus rhino-adenitis or S. equi) is easily found in the pus of 

 gland abscesses sometimes in pure cultures (impure in the nasal 

 discharge), stains readily in aniline colors and in Gram's solution 

 so that it stands out clearly among the pus cells. The decolorizing 

 agent must be weak (not muriatic acid) and applied only for a 

 very short time. Beside the chain forms, there are isolated, oval 

 cocci, some of which, larger than others and more elongated, 

 have been held to be arthospores or mother cells. The number 

 of elements articulated in a chain varies from two to four and up- 

 ward. The chains are straight or sinuous, and may be grouped 

 in bundles, radiating masses, or clumps like staphylococci. 



They are aerobic (facultative anaerobic), grow freely as trans- 

 parent droplets on blood serum at 99 F., and in glycerine bouillon, 

 and less vigorously on agar and gelatine. On agar the colonies 

 reach the size of a pin head in two days with projecting alae, and 

 on gelatine in three to five days, and then dry and shrink. Mul- 



