Contagions Pneumonia in the Horse. 103 



marked feature than in equal consolidations in influenza. It 

 often becomes inaudible again as the disease advances. Blowing 

 murmurs, coarse mucous rales, heart and intestinal sounds can 

 often be heard with unusual clearness, in unusual situations, 

 when an area of consolidated lung is immediately beneath. A 

 transient dry friction sound of commencing pleurisy is sometimes 

 detected over a tender intercostal area, but soon giving place to 

 the uniform quiet of effusion rising to a given horizontal level. 

 Later still there may be the creaking sound of organizing false 

 membranes in process of being stretched, and which is so often 

 confounded with crepitation. The indications of pneumothorax 

 (tympanitic resonance, and metallic tinkling), are rare. In ad- 

 vanced stages there may be tympanitic sound from the cavities of 

 abscesses or the sacs containing sequestra. 



The urine is always scanty and high colored and may at times 

 prove red and haemorrhagic. Albuminuria is usually present 

 when the disease is at its height. The same is true of uric acid, 

 which replaces the hippuric acid, in cases of high fever and com- 

 plete abstinence so that the products are drawn from the dis- 

 integrating tissues alone. The returning appetite, and the 

 restoration of a neutral or alkaline condition of the urine, there- 

 fore tend to occur simultaneously, and to mark improvement. 



Great tenderness of the throat, protrusion of the nose, and 

 difficulty of swallowing mark the localization of the lesions on 

 the pharynx and larynx. It is liable to be accompanied by the 

 introduction of exudation and food materials into the larynx and 

 trachea with the occurrence of inhalation bronchitis and pul- 

 monary gangrene. 



Symptoms of pericarditis, endocarditis and myocarditis, are 

 especially common in the more severe types of the disease. With 

 soft, weak or imperceptible pulse and tumultuous heart beats they 

 may be suspected, and further indications are a transient friction 

 sound, synchronous with the beat of the heart, intermissions, 

 murmurs with first or second heart sound, and an increasingly 

 low, distant, or muffled heart beat, as pericardial fluid accumu- 

 lates. As in the case of troubles with the kidneys or liver, stock- 

 ing of the legs, or dropsical swellings elsewhere may appear. 



Exceptionally, acute nervous symptoms may appear, due to 

 functional derangements caused by circulation of the toxins and 



