Equine Influenza. Adynamic Catarrhal Fever of Solipeds. 121 



seuche, and septicaemia of rabbits and chickens, as well as that 

 of fowl cholera ; all stain easily in gentian violet and fnchsin, 

 and all cause some form of hemorrhagic septicaemia. The germ 

 is aerobic and grows best in peptonized bouillon to which a little 

 serum has been added. It forms, in peptonized gelatin, round 

 colonies, at first transparent and later opaque or milky, and 

 without liquefaction. The cultures when inoculated subcutane- 

 ously proved fatal to Guinea pig, rabbit, rat, mouse, dog, cat, 

 sheep, pig, ox, ass, pigeon and chicken. 



Intravenous inoculation on the horse of 1 to 2 cc. of the cul- 

 ture kills in a few hours, the temperature having risen to 104 F., 

 the mucosae acquire a dull brown tint, the eyes are swollen and 

 weeping, enteritic colics appear, the limbs may swell and there 

 may be painful arthritis and jaundice. At the necropsy the 

 blood is black and incoagulable, the muscles as if parboiled, the 

 liver a deep violet, the intestinal mucosa congested, a yellowish 

 or reddish effusion in the pericardium and numerous petechiae on 

 the serosae. 



Subcutaneous inoculation causes an enormous inflammatory 

 oedema resulting in a sanguinolent abscess, in case the subject 

 survives. There are also hyperthermia (106 F. ), dulness, 

 stupor, weakness, staggering, and congested, swollen, weeping 

 eyes. 



Intratracheal injection is harmless to the horse. 



Lignieres finds his cocco-bacillns in the expectoration at the 

 outset and in the nasal and guttural forms of the disease later, 

 but not in the blood nor lungs after death, as it is then replaced 

 by streptococci, the great reproduction of which is favored by 

 its presence. In ordinary cases of equine influenza it is often 

 impossible to find the cocco-bacillus in the lung or other organs 

 after an illness of 8, 10 or 15 days. (lignieres). 



Lignieres appears to have omitted the obvious test of the in- 

 fection of other horses in the same stable, from the cases pro- 

 duced by his experimental cultures, so that we must still call for 

 more confirmatory proof. Cadeac, indeed, assures us that cul- 

 tures of cocco-bacilli taken from cases of equine influenza, are 

 often innocuous. Deadly as the germ cultures of Ljgnieres 

 prove, they appear to lack that element of extreme infectiousness 

 shown by equine influenza when the susceptible animals come 

 into proximity with the sick. 



