134 Veterinary Medicine. 



Pneumonia : Pneumonia : Pneumonia : 



Croupous Fibrinous. Contagious, of Equine of Equine Influenza. 



Animals. 



Abscess not infrequent _ Abscess rare Abscess not infrequent.. 



Pulmonary gangrene in- Pulmonary gangrene Infarctions, sequestra, 

 frequent and sequestra frequent and cavities not un- 

 common . 



Pericarditis infrequent ^ Pericarditis frequent Pericarditis frequent 



Blood, decrease of red Less altered than in Blood at first clots firmly, 



globules ; encrease of either of the other later becomes, thick, 



white, tuematoblasts, forms. Shows cocco- black, sizy, tuematosis 



fibrine formers and bacilli in the earlier tardy. Reaction acid. 



soda salts stages : streptococci 



later 



Coagulation firm, buffy Coagulum loose, buffy 



coat coat slight 



Hepatic congestion, not Hepatic congestion ex- Hepatic congestion ex- 

 hepatitis cessive, hepatitis, ne- cessive, hemorrhagic ; 



erotic changes fatty degeneration 



Prognosis. Mortality. As usually met with and under favor- 

 able conditions, equine influenza is a mild disease. In 1872 when 

 the disease, sweeping the continent and hardly sparing an equine 

 animal, might be assumed to have reached its maximum, the 

 actual deaths varied from 2 per cent, in country districts to 7 per 

 cent, in large cities. The same holds for Europe where Fried- 

 berger and Frohner gives 4 to 5 per cent. Frtis (Denmark) 1 per 

 cent., Aureggio (Italy) 3 percent., Siedamgrotzky 10 per cent. 

 Much depends on conditions : In horses infected in transit on a 

 long railroad journey it may be 100 per cent, and in fat dealer's 

 horses, out of condition for active work it usually reaches a high 

 figure. If the patients are kept at work the complications and 

 mortality run very high. The same applies to debilitated ani- 

 mals kept in close, foul, ill-aired stables, or reduced by exhaust- 

 ing or long standing diseases. The very young and the senile 

 suffer more than animals in middle life and vigorous condition. 

 Finally the parts invaded have a controlling effect. The milder 

 cases affecting the upper air passages only, nearly all recover, in 

 those showing abdominal lesions the indications are still favorable ; 

 while with double pulmonary and pleural lesions the patient is 

 too often in a hopeless condition. Brain lesions are almost 

 equally redoubtable. 



The actual money losses, in an epizootic of influenza, are more 

 in the way of the loss of work and the complete stagnation of 



