164 Veterinary Medicine. 



Prevention. All birds bought or otherwise acquired and all 

 birds returning from shows should be quarantined for one week 

 before being allowed to mingle with the flock. In summer this 

 should be conducted inside fly screens. The manure should be 

 burned, carefully secluded, or treated with dilute sulphuric acid. 

 Buzzards and vermin as possible bearers of the infection should be 

 excluded from poultry yards. So with human beings, dogs, etc., 

 coining from infected places. In an infected flock the sick should be 

 at once separated, killed and burned or treated with sulphuric acid. 

 All manure should be treated in the same way. Buildings, yards 

 and runs should be thoroughly cleaned and liberally sprinkled 

 with a dilute sulphuric acid (2:100). If the birds can be divided 

 up in small groups (say of 5) the appearance of the disease will 

 only endanger that group. In small flocks or with very valuable 

 birds it may even be well to take the body temperature morning 

 and night and separate at once any bird showing a rise. Any 

 diseased or suspected flock should be kept where its manure will 

 not be washed into wells, running streams or ponds to which 

 other birds have access. In a locality where the disease exists 

 fowls should not be allowed to run at large. In winter this is 

 very effective ; in summer owing to the danger from insect bear- 

 ers, it must be supplemented by the most scrupulous cleanliness 

 of poultry houses and yards, and by a liberal sprinkling with 

 dilute sulphuric acid, or other disinfectant, to be made especially 

 abundant and frequent on the manure. Nocard cuts short the 

 disease by injections, subcutem of a 5 per cent, solution of car- 

 bolic acid. 



Immu?iizatio7i. With valuable birds it may be desirable to 

 secure immunization by non-fatal inoculations. Salmon secured 

 this by first estimating the number of microbes in an mm. of the 

 blood, then diluting until five drops would contain but one, or at 

 most two of these organisms, and injecting this amount into the 

 pectoral muscles. A sequestrum forms in the muscle and is 

 gradually sloughed out, and the cavity heals, with resulting im- 

 munity. 



Pasteur produced a weakened virus by exposing the artificial 

 bouillon cultures to air for from three to ten months, the strength 

 decreasing with the length of exposure. The weaker form pro- 

 duces slight illness only, from which recovery is prompt. A 



