218 Veterinary Medicine. 



mature sheep, and 12 or 15 days later a similar dose of the strong- 

 er preparation ("2d vaccin"). For the ox or horse double the 

 amount (^thcc.) is used, being injected behind the shoulder, 

 and on the side of the neck in the respective animals. The dose 

 is graduated in the different subjects according to the size and 

 age, yet a considerable latitude is permissible. The syringe must 

 be disinfected before and after inoculations by a 5 per cent solu- 

 tion of carbolic acid, or by boiling, and the nozzle should be 

 dipped in strong carbolic acid immediately before and after each 

 insertion. This will greatly obviate infection of the liquid used, 

 and of the wound by any virulent germs lodged on the surface of 

 the skin. The liquid to be injected should be used as soon as 

 possible after preparation, and if kept should be in a dark cold 

 place, and if the tube is once opened the whole of its contents 

 should be used the same day, — never kept over. The second, 

 stronger preparation should never be used until the system has 

 been prepared for it by the use of the first. 



By the Soluble Toxins in Sterile Solution. In 1884, in an out. 

 break of anthrax in Skaneateles, N. Y. , I drew blood from an 

 anthrax cow, subjected it to 212 F. for 30 minutes, dissolved out 

 the soluble toxins in boiled water, and injected the product sub- 

 cutem. in the dose of 2 to 4 cc. according to size, into every appar- 

 ently healthy member of the herd, excepting one, which was left 

 as a check. The check animal died of anthrax while all of the 

 others escaped. 



Since that time I have personally used it in every herd where 

 opportunity offered, and with equally good results. In an out- 

 break near Elmira, Dr. Moore adopted it in a large dairy herd, 

 and the disease was suddenly arrested. 



In several experimental cases (one cow and 2 Guinea pigs) at 

 the N. Y. S. V. College, the outcome was not so satisfactory and 

 in a herd in Oneida Co. , N. Y. , it is said to have failed to check 

 the disease. 



Notwithstanding these untoward results in other hands, I am 

 still confident that we have in this a measure of no small value, 

 and worthy of application in suitable cases. A certain percentage 

 of failures in immunization are to be looked for. Even cowpox 

 vaccination is not always protective against itself ; I knew one 

 man who was successfully vaccinated every three years in a com- 



