240 Veterinary Medicine. 



ferably from a freshly incised nodule is inoculated subcutem in 

 the flank of a male Guinea pig, or better in the peritoneum, there 

 develops a local ulcerous sore and on the second or third day a 

 violent orchitis in which pure cultures of the bacillus can be ob- 

 tained. The caseous and purulent centres are found not only in 

 the testicle but along the line of the spermatic cord, affecting the 

 tunica vaginalis and connective tissue. Death usually follows in 

 four to fifteen days. The cat and dog can also be utilized, inocu- 

 lation being made on the forehead. Old wornout, but otherwise 

 healthy asses, and even horses make very available subjects, in- 

 oculation in the nose speedily developing acute glanders. In 

 the absence of a good subject the suspected animal is sometimes 

 availed of, scarifications being made in the nose and the morbid 

 product rubbed in freely. The rapid development of ulcerous 

 wounds is characteristic. If, however, the case is chronic, and if 

 a fair measure of immunity has been acquired this test may prove 

 misleading. 



Test by Mallein. Mallein is the sterilized and concentrated 

 toxic product obtained from a pure culture of bacillus mallei in a 

 peptonized glycerine bouillon. When injected hypodermicalty in 

 a small physiological dose this has no effect on a sound horse, but 

 in one affected with glanders it develops in several hours an ex- 

 tended swelling in the seat of inoculation, hot, tense and painful, 

 which continues to enlarge for 24 to 36 hours and does not sub- 

 side for 4 or 5 days. From the margin of the swelling, swollen 

 lymphatics may often be traced running toward the adjacent 

 lymphatic glands. There is also decided dulness, prostration, in- 

 appetence, staring coat and tremors. The body temperature rises 

 1. 5 to 2. 5 and upward from the eighth hour after inoculation 

 attaining its maximum from the tenth to the eighteenth hour and 

 subsiding slowly to the forty-eighth to the sixtieth. 



Mallein must be used under precautions like tuberculin. It 

 must be obtained freshly prepared from a reputable maker. If 

 preserved for months its force may be largely lost. The animal 

 to be tested should be in his customary environment, and not just 

 arrived from a railroad journey nor other cause of excitement. He 

 must not be fevered as any rise of temperature is then equivocal, 

 and a fall of temperature, which sometimes occurs in the febrile 

 system under mallein, is no sure evidence of glanders. Reaction 



