Prophylaxis and Treatment of Glanders. 251 



when the disease is localized in the nasal mucosa it extends rapidly, 

 not only to the skin and muscles, but also to the cartilage and 

 bones of the face, so that deep, wide, perforating and destructive 

 ulcers are common. The enlarged ends of the long bones of 

 the limbs are favorite seats of the lesion, and the synovial mem- 

 brane of the joints and the articular cartilage often bear centres of 

 lymphoid proliferation. Though usually small the intermuscular 

 neoplasms may form abscesses as large as a hen's egg. The af- 

 fected muscle appears pale, degenerated and granular with foci of 

 lymphoid cell growth. The swelling of the lymph glands is 

 usually less than in the soliped though the same in character. 

 The pulmonary neoplasms are histologically almost indistinguish- 

 able from tubercle, though the comparative absence of the giant 

 cell, the different staining qualities of the bacillus, and the coinci- 

 dent lesions in the upper air passages, with the cord like infiltra- 

 tion of the walls of the lymphatics may assist in diagnosis. Diag- 

 nostic inoculation may be made on the basis of the susceptibility 

 of the ox and white mouse to tuberculosis, and their insuscepti- 

 bility to glanders ; also the partial insusceptibility of the soli- 

 ped to tuberculosis and his marked susceptibility to glanders. 



The characteristic nodules and abscesses may be found in dif- 

 ferent internal organs such as the stomach, intestine, liver, spleen, 

 kidneys, testicles and brain, especially in acute cases, whereas 

 the lesions of the skin and nose are more common in chronic 

 cases. 



PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT OF GLANDERS. 



Extinction. Exclusion, in Australia, New Zealand, English army. (De- 

 cision of infected, and disinfection of stables, harness, vehicles, utensils, 

 manure and other infected things, mallein diagnosis ; attendants should 

 avoid handling suspicious horses, except with sound hands, and disinfect 

 latter. Sheep living in horse stables, tested before slaughter, or inspected 

 after. Malleinization on Plains and in high, dry air, in secluded herds : 

 less hopeful elsewhere. Mallein test for all solipeds from glanders districts, 

 and imported horses. Treatment illegal in many states, so that justice 

 would require extinction with indemnities. Successful on high tablelands 

 and mountains. Demands careful segregation and disinfection. Acute 

 cases always hopeless : chronic skin cases more promising. Antiseptic in- 

 jection of unbroken nodules (carbolic acid, potassium permanganate, also 



