Prophylaxis and Treatment of Glanders. 255 



Acute cases of glanders are hopeless in any region, but chronic 

 cases and especially such as have the lesions confined to the skin 

 are much more hopeful. 



The unbroken nodules may be injected with carbolic acid solu- 

 tion (1: 200), or permanganate of potash (1:60). The open sores 

 on the skin may be treated with the same solutions, with mercuric 

 chloride (1:2000 to 1: 5000), with iodized phenol, with cupric sul- 

 phate (saturated solution), or with chloride of zinc. A primary 

 nodule may be excised and the sore treated with antiseptics. 

 When the lesions are very extensive the less poisonous agents 

 should be made use of, or tincture of iodine may be substituted. 

 The nose lesions may be treated by the weaker solutions of iodine 

 or of iodized phenol. 



Benefit also comes from a course of tonics the most successful 

 of which have been arseniate of strychnia, binodide of copper, 

 sulphate of copper, nitrate of baryta and sulphate of iron. The 

 sulphites, bisulphites and hyposulphites and phenic acid are desir- 

 able adjuncts. An open air life at pasture is the ideal condition. 

 Otherwise thorough ventilation, sunshine, moderate exercise and 

 nourishing easily digestible food including grain are very import- 

 ant. 



When conditions are favorable and an absolutely secluded pas- 

 ture can be secured, with shelter from storms, and where civic or 

 state authorities do not take effective measures to stamp out gland- 

 ers, nor compensate owners for animals killed, mild, chronic and 

 cutaneous cases and occult ones that have reacted to mallein with- 

 out showing any other symptom, may be subjected to treatment. 

 They should have an open air life, a generous diet, including 

 grain, perfect cleanliness and pure air in the shelter-shed, an anti- 

 septic and tonic medication (sulphites, tonics) may be given, and 

 every three months a new mallein test may be applied. If the 

 individual horse passes two successive tests without reaction, and 

 shows no other indication of glanders, if his general health ap- 

 pears perfect and his condition good, he may be returned to work 

 as a sound animal. With effective measures of extinction in force 

 on the other hand, and indemnity for the slaughtered animal, any 

 such measure would be entirely unwarrantable. 



Treatment by injecting the serum of immune animal subcutem 

 has given encouraging results. Helman, Semmer and Itzkovitch, 



