Rabies and Hydrophobia. Lesions, Treatment ', Prevention. 283 



hyperplasia, especially near the respiratory centre. Congestion of nerves. 

 Leucocytosis. Therapeutic treatment : Orrotherapy : of little avail. 

 Nerve sedatives ; darkness, quiet, nutritive enemata, chloroform, chloral, 

 etc. Prevention : eradicate the virus ; muzzle all dogs absolutely, under 

 heavy penalty, for one year ; Gower's view ; examples of muzzling ; collar 

 with name and owner, shoot all unmuzzled dogs, cage for 6 months bitten 

 dogs and cats, also all imported dogs, shut up in cage for 10 days all dogs 

 that have bitten ; treatment of bites, tourniquet, cup, suck through tube, 

 wring wound, cauterize— hot skewer, cautery, mineral solid caustic, min- 

 eral acids on pledget or through a tube ; Pasteur method : emulsion of 

 spinal cord (of rabid rabbit) after aseptic aeration in vitro for 3 to 14 days, 

 injected in graduated doses for 21 davs, table of doses, table of mortality ; 

 Orrotherapy : by blood serum of immune animal : advantages, disadvan- 

 tages — technique : Use of sterilized brain matter from rabid animal : exper- 

 iments ; protection by snake venom. 



Pathological Anatomy. The blood is fluid or the clot diffluent. 

 Congestion of the fauces, pharynx and larynx is patent during 

 life but may have disappeared after death. Yet I have seen ex- 

 tensive ulceration of the vocal cords in a rabid cow. The con- 

 gestion may extend to the trachea bronchia and lungs. In dogs 

 the buccal mucosa is often cyanotic, covered with a thick mucus, 

 and may present sublingual ecchymoses and erosions, and wounds 

 of various kinds made by objects bitten or swallowed. The stom- 

 ach in the same animal is usually almost pathognomonic, being 

 filled with foreign bodies of all kinds — straw, hay, hair, wood, 

 coal, pebbles, pieces of metal, cord, leather, cloth, earth, sand, 

 etc. — the result of the depraved appetite. There is an absence of 

 normal food principles in stomach and small intestines and the 

 caecum and colon are usually empty. The gastric mucosa is con- 

 gested, and may be wounded and its contents mixed with blood. 

 Such a condition of the stomach in a dog, that has been bitten, 

 and which after a customary incubation period has shown symp- 

 toms like those of rabies, is virtually diagnostic. 



The following lesions are common to man and animals : Marked 

 emaciation, cyanosis or petechias in skins that are naturally white, 

 early sepsis, cutaneous veins and heart gorged with dark 

 inspissated blood, hyperaemic liver and kidneys, and slightly con- 

 gested, petechiated empty bladder. 



The most important lesions, however are those of the central 

 nervous system. In seven cases out of nine, Gowers found these 

 very distinct. There were vascular disturbance, capillary dilata- 



