FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE. 



Synonyms. Definition. Susceptible animals : cloven footed, all warm 

 blooded animals. Historic notes ; Geographical distribution ; English in- 

 vasions in 1 8th and 19th centuries ; North and South American invasions in 

 1870 ; In Asia from immemorial times. Causes : infection in liquid of 

 vesicles, saliva on pastures, roads, feeding and drinking places, halters, etc. ; 

 from feet on pastures, buildings, yards, roads, cars, boats, etc.; from teats 

 through milk. Microbe not certainly known, micrococci, streptococci and 

 bacilli found. Virus inert when dried 24 hours at 88° F. ; survived 9 months 

 at 32 F. , attack immunizes for 5 months ; injection of 1 lymph and 2 of 

 blood of immune renders refractory ; filtered lymph still virulent ; microbe 

 probably infinitesimal ; accessory causes : movement, mingling of cattle, 

 sheep, swine, etc., war, trade, common pasturage, infected roads, ships, 

 yards, halters, etc. Symptoms : incubation 36 hours to 6 days ; slight fever; 

 redness, tenderness of buccal mucosa and teats, grinding teeth, smacking 

 tongue, tender feet, shaking them backward, bulke on mouth and teats, not 

 nodular, nor chambered as in variola, salivation, bloody, circular or irregu- 

 lar raw sores, vesicles and erosions in interdigital space, shedding hoofs, 

 sheep walk on knees, gangrenous mammitis ; intestinal eruption and diar- 

 rhoea in sucklings. Mortality. Prognosis; recovery in 15 days, deaths rare if 

 cared for. Losses from destruction of product and emaciation — occasional 

 abortion. Diagaosis : based on infection of all exposed bisulcates, localiza- 

 tion on mouth, teats and feet, inoculability on other warm blooded animals, 

 unchambered vesicles, slight fever, and prompt recovery. Notes of affection 

 in man. Symptoms in man. Prevention and treatment in man. Pre- 

 vention in animals : exclusion of contagion, immediate and mediate ; close 

 infected pastures and roads, stop all movement of bisulcates, disinfect all 

 boats, cars, places and things exposed, exclude visitors, guarantees with 

 strange animals, quarantine and disinfect arrivals, exclude fresh animal 

 products, fodder and litter, wash, disinfect soiled clothes. Inoculation un- 

 desirable. Treatment in animals: cleanliness, dryness, disinfection, segregate 

 sick and well, gaseous antiseptics, liquid ointments. Gruels, mashes, sliced, 

 boiled, or pulped roots. Local dressings for mouth, teats and feet. Evul- 

 sion of hoof. Mammitis. 



Synonyms. Aphthous fever : Aphtha Epizootica, Eczema 

 Epizootica. 



Definition. An acute infectious disease of the lower ani- 

 mals but especially of ruminants, characterized by a slight 

 fever and the eruption of vesicles, or ballae on the skin and mu- 

 cosae, and usually those of the mouth, feet and teats. 



Susceptible Animals. The animals that prove the most obnox- 

 ious to the disease are the bisulcates — large and small ruminants 



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