394 Veterinary Medicine. 



coagulation, on gelatine no liquefaction. History : Stagnant water ; no evi- 

 dent source of infection, buzzards, etc. Pathogenesis : Inoculation, intra- 

 venous or intramuscular, feeding. On duck, pigeon, rabbits, mice, dogs. 

 Guinea pigs and sheep immune. Immunization by injection of sterilized 

 cultures. 



Under this name Norgaard describes a hsemorrhagic strepto- 

 coccic infection which prevailed in 1901 in a flock of 200 to 250 

 Plymouth Rocks in Loudon County, Va. Forty birds died with- 

 in six weeks, and later the mortality reached 200, death often 

 occurring suddenly while feeding, or the birds would drop from 

 their roosts in the night and be found dead in the morning. 



Symptoms. In the majority, the pullets which died suddenly, 

 no symptoms whatever were observed, yet a certain number of 

 the capons and cockerels were noticeably ill for 12 to 24 hours. 

 In these the feathers were ruffled, the prostration extreme, the 

 head drooped between the wings, the neck was weak and wob- 

 bling (limber neck), the wings and tail drooped, and the animal 

 lay on its breast often unable to rise. Sometimes there was a 

 passage per anum of liquid bile-stained mucus. Close examina- 

 tion of the neck and breast might detect haemorrhagic discolora- 

 tion of the skin, though the skin elsewhere was pale and smooth. 

 Death takes place without a struggle. 



Lesions. The anal feathers were usually stained, indicating 

 diarrhoea ; the picked carcass was plump and fat, with pale, 

 healthy looking skin, except on the neck and breast, where it 

 was discolored by extravasated blood ; at such points the connec- 

 tive tissue and muscles were infiltrated with blood in areas of an 

 inch in diameter, more or less, and with irregular outlines. The 

 buccal mucosa was clear, pale and bloodless. The cavity of the 

 body contained an abundance of sero-sanguinolent exudate, and 

 the mesenteric veins were engorged. The liver was greatly en- 

 larged and congested, the greater part of its substance being ap- 

 parently composed of the distended blood vessels. The hepatic 

 cells were granular and fatty, and if death had been delayed over 

 twenty-four hours their outline became indistinct and the nucleus 

 stained only faintly. In the foci of disease were clumps of round 

 cells and leucocytes in and between the acini, and in still more 

 tardy cases points of coagulation necrosis. The streptococcus 

 was abundant in the necrotic centres, among the clumps of leuco- 



