TUBERCULOSIS. 



Synonyms. Definition : infectious disease caused by bacillus, attended 

 by productive inflammation, tubercles, necrotic degeneration, caseation, 

 fibroid change, calcification or ulceration. Animals susceptible : python, 

 salamander, carp, fish, birds, rodents, sheep, goats, solipeds, cattle, dogs, 

 cats, apes, swine, wild ruminants, kangaroo, carnivora, cage birds, civilized 

 (housed) man. Geographical distribution : with dense population, Central 

 Europe, Britain, Eastern States; little in absence of cattle products — 

 Scottish Western Isles, Iceland, Newfoundland, Greenland Highlands, 

 Arctic North America, Northern Norway, Sweden, Lapland : open air life 

 protects. Virulence : ancient records, modern, early antituberculous legis- 

 lation, decimation of herds, researches of Vilemin, Gerlach, Chauveau, 

 Semmer, Parrot, Tappeiner, etc. Bacillus tuberculosis : evolutionary 

 changes, relation to actinoinyces, 1.5 to 3.5 n by 0.2 fj. shorter and thicker in 

 ox, solitary, exceptionally short chains, on blood serum may be filamentous, 

 staining slow, carbolated fuchsin, technique, sections ; biology, adaptation 

 to environment, to genera, variation in same genus, experiments showing 

 real identity of variant forms ; vitality : in water human bacillus 50 to 70 

 days, bovine bacillus indefinitely, avian 117 days, dried sputa 9 months, 

 cow's lung 102 days, putrid material 43 days to years, survives gastric juice, 

 sunlight kills in some hours, if in thin layer, day light 7 to iS days, dry 

 heat (212 F. ) for an hour left living bacilli, moist heat 140 F. for 1 hour 

 kills, low temperatures ( — 25 F. ) fail, after 15 days in salt failed in rabbit, 

 after 30 in Guinea pig. Chemical disinfectants. Accessory causes : racial 

 vulnerability, close buildings, dark, foul, damp stables, poor scanty food, 

 heavy milking, conformation, early breeding, inbreeding, age, predisposing 

 diseases, traffic in animals, dairy extension, admission of tuberculous animals 

 from other states, assorting tuberculous for sale in a given State, sale of 

 sound from tuberculous herd, lack of indemnity for animals killed, private 

 testing of herds and sale of tuberculous, accustoming to tuberculin test, 

 anti-pyretics during tuberculin test, false certificates of tuberculin tests, 

 feeding hogs on tuberculous offal, feeding calves and hogs on tuber- 

 culous milk, feeding hogs after tuberculous cattle, feeding from a com- 

 mon trough, dry, dusty stables, extension through vermin, flies and 

 other insects carry virus. The tubercle : miliary, pinhead, conglomerate, 

 proliferation of cells — tissue and leucocytes, in nests in stroma, giant 

 cells in center, then epithelioid, then lymphoid, caseation, calci- 

 fication, fibrosis, pearl disease. Localization: Cattle: pulmonary: miliary 

 tuberculosis, aggregation into larger tubercles, caseated centres, fibroid, 

 cretified, abscesses, vomicae, complex infections, infiltrations, differ- 

 ence from broncho-pneumonia, lesions of different ages ; pleural lesions ; 

 congestion, exudation, fringes, nodules, grapes, adhesions, caseations : 

 bronchial and mediastinal glands, congestion, swelling, softening, in- 

 duration, caseation, cretefaction : cardiac lesions : lesions of mouth and 



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