402 Veterinary Medicine. 



houses in a raw state, tuberculosis becomes very common. 

 In one case, in a large public institution, where the dairy herd 

 was universally affected, and where, on their slaughter, their raw 

 offal had been thrown to the hogs, I found that the latter were 

 almost all tuberculous. Similarly, in feeding experiments, from 

 the time of Gerlach, pigs and especially young pigs, have shown 

 themselves to be very susceptible. 



Among the less domesticated animals that contract tuberculosis 

 may be named deer, elk, gazelle, antelope, camel, dromedary , 

 giraffe, kangaroo, lion, tiger , jackal, jaguar, bear, arctic fox , rat, 

 mouse and the common cage birds, etc. Frohner found 36 per 

 cent, of parrots affected in Berlin. 



Man has long been recognized as standing in the front rank of 

 susceptibility to tuberculosis. Yet even in his case the preva- 

 lence of the affection bears an intimate relation to his indoor life. 

 In large cities post mortems often show that one-third have suf- 

 fered, and that one-seventh and upward of the whole population 

 die of tuberculosis. Natives of tropical islands and countries, 

 living in the open air and apart from close association with civili- 

 ized man, often escape entirely. In South Africa the herdsmen 

 living in close buildings suffer encreasingly, while their cattle, 

 kept constantly in the open pasture, escape. 



Geographical Distribution. The prevalence of tuberculosis 

 shows a direct relation to the opportunity for infection rather 

 than to climate, latitude or altitude. It is the prevailing disease 

 of civilized communities with dense populations, and especially in 

 large cities where the general vitality is lowered and the crowded 

 buildings give every opportunity for infection. It is preemi- 

 nently the disease of Central Europe, of Great Britain and of our 

 Eastern States, where there is the greatest activity in business, 

 manufacture and commerce. Yet in the Scottish Hebrides, Ice- 

 land, Newfoundland, the Greenland Highlands, Arctic North 

 America, the northern parts of Norway and Sweden, Lapland 

 and Finland it is hardly known. The absence of commerce and 

 cattle and the sparse population have much to do with this. 

 The coasts of Greenland with their Danish stations have two-thirds 

 of the population tuberculous (Cook); the Indians of Barrow's 

 Straits, when infected in 1899 by the frozen-in whalers, suffered 

 from it as from a plague ; in Christiana, Stockholm and St. 



