Protozoan Cattle Fever. Texas Fever. Paludism of Cattle. 543 



womb ; foetus. Incubation three to ten days ; delays due to hatching of 

 ticks. Symptoms : Acute case : anamnesis ; hot season ; hyperthermia 104 

 to 109 F. ; hurried breathing and pulse ; anorexia ; dulness ; costiveness ; 

 icterus ; prostration ; weakness ; delirium ; urine turbid, red ; blood hydrsemic; 

 diarrhoea ; emaciation. Duration one to seven days. Fatal (90% ) to exotic 

 cattle ; mild in indigenous, or cool season. Mild case ; temperature 103 , 

 anorexia, dulness, costiveness, enuresis, albuminuria, pallid mucosae, ema- 

 ciation, round protozoon in globules, ticks, oligocythemia. Differential 

 diagnosis, from anthrax. Treatment : laxative ; antiseptic ; mucilaginous 

 food ; picking off ticks ; auti-ixodic lotion ; tick free pasture or place. Pre- 

 vention : destruction of ticks ; picking ; dipping or smearing with tick kill- 

 ing preparation, paraffine or extradynamo oil and sulphur, danger with 

 shipping ; dressing of all cattle at intervals during warm season ; cultiva- 

 tion of tick-infected land ; exclusion of cattle for one summer and two wint- 

 ers ; soil cattle for three weeks in each of two tick free pens, to let ticks 

 drop ; danger of nonimmunized cattle in infested area ; suggestions for ex- 

 tinction by States. Immunization : Infection of sucking calf ; infecting by 

 a few ticks : by graduated injections of piroplasma blood ; technique ; 

 injection of blood from'body of tick. Limited value of artificial tolerance. 

 Marketing of the beef. Federal restrictions. 



Synonyms. Splenic fever ; Spanish fever ; Mexican fever ; 

 Southern cattle fever ; Australian tick fever ; Tristeza ; Red water ; 

 Black water ; Bovine periodic fever ; Bovine yellow fever ; Mala- 

 die du bois ; Holzkrankheit ; Moor evil ; Wood-ill ; Ixodic 

 Anaemia ; Roumanian hsemoglobinuria. 



Definition. A specific fever of cattle, enzootic during the warm 

 seasons in the low, malarious grounds and wooded or uncultivated 

 districts of different countries, caused by a protozoon in the blood 

 and red globules, which is conveyed from animal to animal by 

 ticks, and leading to engorgement of the spleen and liver, de- 

 struction of the red globules, haemoglobiuuria, and oligocythemia. 



Historic Notes. This malady has doubtless existed from time 

 immemorial in different malarial districts of the Old World, where 

 the wood and moor ill is now coming to be recognized as a proto- 

 zoan tick-borne disease. The malady exists in Roumania (Star- 

 covici, Babes, Gavrilescu), Turkey (Nicolle, Adil-Bey), Sardinia 

 (San Felici, Loi), Southern France (Lignieres), Italy (Celli, 

 Santori), Algiers, Tunis (lyignieres), Finland (Krogins, Von 

 Hollens), West Indies, Mexico, Nicaragua, United States of 

 Columbia, South America as far south as the Argentine Repub- 

 lic, German East Africa (Koch), Transvaal (Theiler), S. Aus- 

 tralia (Pound). In Australia imported European cattle found the 



