Protozoan Cattle Fever. Texas Fever. Paludism of Cattle. 551 



17. Four cattle were injected intravenously with the liquid 

 charged by crushing ticks in a mortar with distilled water. In 

 some cases the liquid was put through a Pasteur filter, in others 

 only through two thicknesses of filter paper. No infection 

 ensued. 



18. Lignieres injected, subcutem, in different animals the pulp 

 of the ticks at all stages of life, ground in a mortar with distillec 1 

 water, but found in no case tristeza as the result nor any destruc- 

 tion of red globules. 



The apparent paradox involved in the last three items probably 

 finds its explanation in the statement of Nicolle and Adil-Bey 

 that, in biting, the tick instils into the wound a venomous saliva 

 which causes local congestion and infiltration and presumably 

 operates on the blood globules as well. Curtice describes the two 

 racemose glands situated under the head shield, the secretions of 

 which are pressed out by the movements of the mouth ring and 

 appendages. How much of this irritant and toxic action is in- 

 herent in the saliva, and how much due to the protozoan con- 

 tained in it, has not been shown. Nicolle, Adil-Bey and, later, 

 Iyignieres showed a similar toxic property in the blood. Three 

 to five cc. of blood taken from an acute case at the crisis and in- 

 jected into the marginal vein of the ear in a rabbit, killed the sub- 

 ject in a few seconds, A similar amount thrown into the peri- 

 toneum of a Guinea pig destroyed life in a few minutes. It is 

 probable that the dilution of the venom in the mass of tick pulp 

 and distilled water reduced its toxic quality to such a low ebb 

 that the red globules were comparatively unaffected by it and 

 successfully resisted the attacks of the microbe. 



The name Boophilus bovis was given to the bearer of the Piro- 

 plasma by Cooper Curtice who made a special study of the tick, 

 and its development. For the description see Parasites, Ixodes. 

 Among the most marked and distinctive features of the female 

 are the extreme shortness and relative breadth of the rostrum, 

 the slender palpi, the eight rows of spines on the lower surface of 

 the labium, the smooth mandibles with terminal hooks, the limbs 

 long, slender, in seven segments, and each furnished with a 

 terminal pad (pulvillus) and one hook (fore limbs) or two hooks 

 (hind). Curtice has identified the ticks of haemoglobinuria in 

 various other countries with the boophilus. The Garrapata of 



