556 Veterinary Medicine. 



The bladder is marked by petechise and usually contains some 

 quarts of urine more or less deeply stained with haemoglobin. 

 The depth of color is in exact ratio with the extent and rapidity 

 of the destruction of red globules, and of the elimination of their 

 coloring matter. When the destruction is proceeding rapidly the 

 urine may be as dark as port wine ; when their disintegration has 

 lessened it may be pale though the temperature is still high (105 

 F. ) In slight and tardy cases there is reason to believe that the 

 redness of the urine may be omitted altogether as is the icteric 

 discoloration of the mucosas, and hence cases seen in animals indi- 

 genous to the protozoan fever districts, have been described as a 

 distinct disease. In these mild cases and advanced stages there 

 is usually a certain amount of albuminuria remaining. In the 

 early stages the urine is strongly alkaline, effervesces with acids, 

 and has a high specific gravity (1030-1040); later when abstinence 

 and suspended digestion and assimilation causes the patient to 

 subsist on its own tissues the reaction may become distinctly acid 

 and the specific gravity reduced (1010-1020). It no longer effer- 

 vesces. During convalescence while there is a great deficiency of 

 red globules and other blood solids, the urine tends to become 

 pale and watery, of a low specific gravity, and lacking in even its 

 normal pigments. 



The womb will at times show petechias and in pregnant cows 

 the foetus will show sero-sanguineous effusions or even extravasa- 

 tions in the chest or abdomen, and haemoglobinuria (Lignieres). 



Incubation. Outbreaks occurring in the North, in herds into 

 which southern infected cattle have been brought, were at first 

 held to indicate an incubation of thirty or forty days (or even 

 sometimes sixty-five), but this is now explained by the time re- 

 quired for the laying and hatching of the eggs of the mature 

 ticks and the evolution of infecting young larval or seed ticks. 

 The actual incubation, as shown by the subcutaneous or intra- 

 venous injection of the blood of an infected ox, extends from 

 three to ten days. The hyperthermia is usually shown on the 

 third day, and the more manifest outward symptoms on the sixth. 

 Extreme heat of the weather, a special susceptibility of the ani- 

 mal infected, and especially a large dose of the blood and proto- 

 zoa will hasten somewhat the onset, but three to six days may be 

 set down as the rule after the ticks have introduced the parasite 



