Protozoan Cattle Fever. Texas Fever. Palndism of Cattle. 561 



Protozoan Cattle Fever. 



A disease of given districts, wooded, 

 swampy, uncultivated, and places 

 where cattle from these districts 

 are taken. 



Always shows Boophilus, minute or 

 mature, on the skin of the pa- 

 tient. 



Extends in warm season, as the Boo- 

 philus from an infected district is 

 introduced. 



Can be carried by the Boophilus apart 

 from cattle. 



Infection destroyed by winter frost 

 above 35 of N. latitude. 



Attacks bovine animals only. 



Lapse of 5 to 6 we-ks after introduc- 

 tion, for tick development, pre- 

 cedes outbreak. 



Confined mainly to summer season. 



Sucking calves nearly immune. 



Mucosae become increasingly pale ; 

 icteric in violent attacks. 



Urine red or blackish in acute cases 

 at height of the disease. Haemo- 

 globin. Albumen. 



Blood becomes increasingly thin and 

 watery : Oligocythemia. 



Blood reddens more or less in air : 

 then becomes darker. 



Spleen greatly enlarged, purplish, 

 often firm : pulp reddens slightly 

 in air. 



Liver enlarged, congested, often yel- 

 low, with fatty and necrotic areas : 

 remarkable yellow injection of rad- 

 ical bile ducts. 



Bile abundant, thick, tarry. 



Kidneys pale, or congested, black. 



Lymph glands slightly enlarged, 

 petechiated or (rarely) haemor- 

 rhagic. 



Pallor in violent cases, in plethoric, 

 icterus of tissues, especially of 

 white ones. 



Muscles in acute cases mahogany 

 colored. 



Blood and its red globules show the 

 pyroplasma in different forms. 



Anthrax. 



Prevails in rich, swampy impermea- 

 ble soils : not permanently im- 

 planted on open well drained 

 lands. 



Has no essential connection with the 

 Boophilus : latter usually absent. 



Practically never conveyed by the 

 Boophilus. 



Infection not destroyed by winter 

 frosts. 



Attacks mammals, generally, espe- 

 cially herbivora. 



Outbreak may occur at once after 

 introduction of infection. 



Occurs at any season : most preva- 

 lent in summer. 



Sucking calves susceptible. 



Mucosae dusky brownish red, not 

 pallid, nor icteric. 



Urine exceptionally red : blood glob- 

 ules, in some cases. 



Blood becomes thick, tarry, inco- 

 agulable ; not watery nor oligocy- 

 themic. 



Blood reddens little, or not at all on 

 exposure. 



Spleen greatly enlarged ; pulp very 

 dark ; does not redden in air. 



Liver enlarged, congested, dark red 

 or violet. 



Bile fluid. 



Kidneys congested. 



Lymph glands enlarged ; often he- 

 morrhagic, black ; peripheral oede- 

 ma. 



Tissues generally reddish, blood- 

 vessels dark, prominent. 



Muscles pale, grayish, unless they 

 are seat of congestion or extrava- 

 sation. 



Blood shows bacillus anthracis, but 

 no pyroplasma. 



Treatment. Up to the present medical treatment has been 

 essentially unsatisfactory. Ljgnieres gave quinia sulphate in 

 large doses by the mouth, and in doses of 2*^ drams subcutem 

 36 



