612 Veterinary Medicine. 



as the first in a herd, explain some instances of what are claimed 

 to be specially prolonged incubations. 



In the great majority of cases further symptoms appear, hyper- 

 thermia sets in, varying in different animals from 103 to 108 F., 

 the animal becomes dull, depressed, loses in appetite, rumination 

 and milking, omits pandiculation on rising, shows stiffness of the 

 hind limbs, sometimes knuckles forward at the fetlocks, wanders 

 apart from the herd, is found lying apart, shows extra thirst, 

 bloats slightly, and shows some constipation. Pulse and breath- 

 ing are accelerated, auscultation signs are more marked, and on 

 percussion, areas of flatness may indicate lobular consolidation, 

 usually more extended than in ordinary pneumonia with the same 

 grade of constitutional disturbance. The muzzle becomes hot 

 and dry, the roots of the ears and horns hot, and the hair stands 

 erect along the dorsal aspect or in patches over the body. Pinch- 

 ing of the dorsal spines, sternum or intercostal spaces, may cause 

 marked wincing and a deep groan. The eye is dull, lacking in 

 prominence and clearness, and the lids are often partially closed. 

 At this stage improvement sometimes ensues and after inappe- 

 tence and suppression of milk for one or two days, the patient 

 may take to feeding and milking as before, and apparently 

 recover, though with a large pulmonary sequestrum. 



In the continuous and violent cases all the symptoms are aggra- 

 vated. Fever may run to its extreme height, there is complete 

 anorexia and suspension of rumination, pulse and breathing are 

 rapid, the victim no longer lies down but stands with feet apart, 

 arms and elbows turned out, head extended nearly on a line with 

 the neck, mouth open, tip of the tongue projecting, and each 

 expiration accompanied by a moan, so loud that it may be heard 

 at a distance (often 50 yards). The breath is heavy, feverish, 

 mawkish. The flanks heave violently, the nostrils are widely 

 dilated and discharge mucopurulent, often bloody liquid, strings of 

 foetid saliva drivel from the open mouth, there may be tympany or 

 even colic, the eyes are sunken, and the conjunctiva and nasal 

 and buccal mucosae are of a dull brownish and yellowish red. 

 Kmaciation advances at a rapid rate, and the constipation may be 

 superseded by a profuse, foetid diarrhoea which wears out the ani- 

 mal. The skin is dry, scurffy, withered, pale, and clings firmly 

 to the bones, and the interior of the vulva may show the pallor of 



