624 Veterinary Medicine. 



grinding teeth, rapid pulse, expiration with arrest and click, suppression of 

 milk, relaxed sphincters. May become aggressive or soporific. Diagnosis : 

 by rapid and deadly progress, and manifest infection ; from malignant 

 catarrh by the active spread, numbers attacked, concretions on mouth, and 

 known exposure ; from thrush by the high fever, contagion to old as well 

 as young, and severe abdominal symptoms ; from aphthous feverhy the high 

 temperature, the absence of distinct vesicles on mouth, teats and feet, by 

 the comparative immunity of swine, and by its high mortality ; from dysen- 

 tery, by the early hyperthermia, the concretions in the mouth, by rapid 

 general extension irrespective of filth and crowding, and by the implication 

 of stomachs and small intestines, rather than the large ; from g astro-enteri- 

 tis, due to chemical irritants, by the lack of such manifest cause, and its 

 rapid progress from herd to herd ; from anthrax, by its rapid spread be. 

 yond an anthrax locality, the buccal and skin concretions and desquama- 

 tions, by the insusceptibility of horse, dog, and rodent, by the absence of 

 splenic enlargement or incoagulable blood. In sheep : mortality in Steppes, 

 30 to 50 per cent. ; in new countries 90 to 95 per cent. Treatment : to be 

 condemned where its permanence is not accepted. Serum-therapy : blood 

 serum of immunized animal subcutem. Prevention by immunization : 

 mixture of virus and bile ; inject with highly immunized and defibrinated 

 blood, and expose to the sick, only admissible where extinction is despaired 

 of. Exclusion : exclude all ruminants and their products which come from 

 suspected lands, or admit on certificate and quarantine, or for slaughter 

 only. Extinctions : Trace and kill all ruminants that come in proximity to 

 every infected animal, or to any place or thing where it has been, disinfect 

 thoroughly the carcasses, pioducts, places and things, register all ruminants 

 around a wide area of possible infection, make necropsy in every case of 

 death, appraise and sacrifice any herd showing the infection. Each sea- 

 board state should provide for instant action by the Federal Government. 

 Question of extinction in the Philippines. 



Synonyms. Pestis Bovina, Rinderpest, Magenseuche, Viehpest, 

 Viehseuche, Pockenseuche (German). Pest Bovine, Typhus 

 Contagieuse, Typhus du gros Betail (French). Tifo Bovino 

 (Italian). Dzuma (Polish). Tchouma Reina (Russian). Low 

 peng (belly sickness, China). Pushima (Hind., Burm.). 



Definition. A contagious fever of polygastric mammals (bovine, 

 ovine, caprine, cervine, exceptionally porcine), characterized by 

 sudden invasion, rapid advance, hyperthermia, great constitu- 

 tional disorder, congestion and blood extravasions of the mucosae 

 generally, but especially of the gastric and intestinal, epithelial 

 and epidermic hypertrophy in the form of white concretions or 

 warty-like masses on the mouth, (vulva), and skin, followed by 

 erosions, by pulmonary, interlobular emphysema, by a catching, 



