Cattle Plague. 627 



imported into Egypt, this time from the Danubian Principalities. 

 A wide extension took place in the parks of the French and German 

 armies in the war of 1870-1, as many as 43 departments in France 

 having suffered. In 1872 it was imported from Russia into Great 

 Britain but was speedily extirpated, and again in 1877 from Ger- 

 many when it spread somewhat more widely but was easily sup- 

 pressed. In 1 88 1 it was introduced into S. Africa in Asiatic 

 cattle during the war in the Transvaal and coming after the long 

 continued prevalence of lung plague it threatened the cattle inter- 

 ests with ruin. In 1890 it readied Abyssinia by cattle sent for 

 the supply of the Italian Army. In 1892 Japan suffered through 

 importation from the main land. The latest extension of cattle 

 plague was in 1898-9 into the Phillipines in the shipments of 

 Asiatic cattle sent for the supply of the American army, and there 

 as elsewhere in unfenced countries it is proving the cause of dis- 

 astrous losses. 



Animals Susceptible. In spite of its name — cattle-plague, 

 Rinderpest — this affection is not like lung plague peculiar to 

 bovine animals. Yet bovine animals are by far the most suscep- 

 tible, by them it is mainly propagated, and upon them comes the 

 greatest mortality. Infection, however, extends to all other rumi- 

 nants, — sheep, goats, deer, elk, antelopes, gazelles, aurochs, 

 yaks, camels, dromedaries, buffaloes, etc. Swine which snow a 

 pouch on the left sac of the stomach show a certain susceptibility, 

 it killed the peccaries in the Jardin des Plants, Paris, and Viseur 

 in France and Pluning in Sumatra, claim to have seen cases in the 

 domestic pig. The horse, dog, rabbit, bird, and man are immune. 



Bacteriology. In a disease with such destructive changes in 

 blood and tissues, bacteria are found, almost of necessity, in the 

 seats of the lesions and even in the blood. No constant mi- 

 croorganism has, however, been isolated, cultivated in artificial 

 cultures, and successfully inoculated on other and susceptible 

 animals. Saweljeff isolated sporulatiug motile bacilli which break 

 up into micrococci and streptococci, with the cultures of these 

 on agar he produced what he believed to be cattle plague. 

 Metchnikoff found a short bacillus with rounded ends, forming 

 cocci and leptothrix-like threads, nonliquefying, and producing 

 cattle plague in calves. Sacharow found a bacillus 0.25/x. to 1.5/x. 

 long and Tokishige a verv small short bacillus the cultures of which 



