or preserving his ground, he loses both. Thus 

 we find that turning up is of such service to 

 the heels of draught horses, that it should never 

 be omitted. In those seasons of the year 

 when there is no frost, neither cavalry nor sad- 

 dle-horses, nor those used in light harness, re- 

 quire their shoe heels turned up; because 

 when a horse rests on his hoof he stands en- 

 tirely flat. Heels being turned up too high 

 prevent a horse from straightening his knees, 

 and throw the weight of the anim.al, as well as 

 of the man, forward, which will bring him 

 down. Therefore turning up the shoes of 

 saddle and cavalry horses is a business of neces- 

 sity to prevent a greater evil, and ought only 

 to be done when unavoidable. 



Farriers' should, as much as possible, avoid 

 excess of drinking during the hours of busi- 

 ness, for the attitude of stooping assists the 

 powers of liquor, and consequently promotes 

 intoxication. To this succeeds a degree of 

 carelessness about the animal with which they 

 are entrusted; and serious injuries are fre- 

 quently the result of their inebriety. When 

 the foot of a horse is pricked in shoeing, 

 though no immediate inconvenience be per- 



H 



