328 Mr. H. Bekker on new Bri/ozoa 



In a quarry on the top of the ascent in the village Turpsalu 

 is the following section : — 



Ground moraine and soil. 



60 in. — Greyish limestone, marly in the lower part. 

 8 in. — Bituminous shale. 

 12 in. — Marly limestone. 

 16 in. — Bituminous shale. 

 20 in. — Compact greyish limestone, marly in the upper part. 



The lowest limestone, of which only the upper 20 inches 

 are here observed, contains abundant remains of different 

 species of Orthoceratites, Brachiopoda, Gystoidea — among 

 these EchinospJue rites auran/ium, Gyll., — and other fossils. 

 The upper part of this limestone has thin interlayers of 

 yellow-brown shale. 



On this limestone rests a shale layer, 16 in. thick, of 

 a rusty-brown or amber colour ; the shale has absorbed a 

 certain amount of underground water, is soft, and can be 

 ground with the fingers. After drying the shale is lighter 

 in colour, with different shades o£ light or dark brown, 

 walnut, or amber — the lighter portions being those which 

 contain more calcareous remains of organisms. The hardness 

 of the shale depends on the amount of lime or clay-marl ; 

 the hardness of the lime-shale may be 1*5-2, whilst the clay- 

 shale is very soft (1). The dry shale can be split into irre- 

 gular slates with conchoidal fracture. 



According to Pallshinski (" Denj," viii. 1917), the bitumi- 

 nous shale occurred from Zamburg (Russia) to Reval 

 (Esthonia) — 200 km. — over an area 50 km. wide. The 

 total quantity of the bituminous shale may be 40 to 50 

 milliards of tons. 



Then follows a thin bed (12 in.) of greyish or light yellow 

 marly limestone ; this limestone is interbedded with thin 

 layers of shale from a quarter to three-quarters of an 

 inch thick. 



On this limestone again rests a bed of shale (8 in.), like 

 that already described. 



Finally, above this shale bed is a greyish limestone (60 in.) ; 

 its lower part is marly or softer, with thin interlayers of 

 shale ; towards the top it is more compact and greyish white. 



The surface of this limestone and the slopes of the terrace 

 are covered with a ground-moraine — boulder clay, or gravel 

 and sand, — varying in thickness from 2 or 3 in. to 80 in. and 

 more. The lower part of this ground-moraine is the u riihk," 

 com posed of limestone boulders. 



