xu 



CONTENTS OF 



Page 

 Vessels with two prows mentioned by 



Strabo 444 



Foreign trade spoken of is.c. 204 . 444 

 Internal traffic in the ancient city of 



Ceylon 445 



Merchants traversing the island . 445 

 Earlv exports from Ceylon, —gems, 



pearls, &c 445 



The imports, chiefly manufactures . 446 

 Horses and carriages imported from 



India 447 



Cloth, silk, &c., brought from Persia 447 

 Kashmir, intercourse with . . . 447 

 Edrisi's account of Ceylon trade in 



the twelfth century . . . 448 



CHAP. IV. 



MANUFACTURES. 



Silknot produced in Ceylon . .450 

 Coir and cordage .... 450 

 Dress ; unshaped robes . . . 450 

 Manual and Mechanical Arts — Weav- 

 ing 451 



Priest's robes spun, woven, and dyed 



in a day 452 



Peculiar mode of cutting out a priest's 



robe 4o2 



Bleaching and dyeing . . . 452 

 Earliest artisans,' immigrants . •452 

 Handicrafts looked down on . . 453 



Pottery 453 



Glass 454 



Glass mirrors 454 



Leather 454 



Wood carving 454 



Chemical ylr^s— Sugar . . .455 

 Mineral paints 455 



CtlAP. V. 



M'OKKLNG IN METALS. 



Early knowledge of the use of ir 



Steel 



Copper and its vises . 

 Bells, bronze, lead 

 Gold and silver . 

 Plate and silver ware 

 Ecd coral found at Galle . 

 Jewelry and mounted gems 

 Gilding.— Coin . 

 Coins mentioned in the Mahawanso n. 

 IMeaning of the term " massa " {iiote) 

 Coins of Lokiswaira .... 

 General device of Singhalese coins . 

 Indian coinage of Prakrama Bahu . 

 Eish-hook money .... 



{jnoW) 



457 

 457 

 458 

 458 

 458 

 459 

 459 

 4fi0 

 4(50 

 400 

 401 

 461 

 462 

 403 



CHAP, VI. 



ENGINEERING. 



Engineering taught by the Brali- 

 mans 404 



. 404 

 . 405 

 . 405 

 . 405 



Pude methods of labour 

 Militar}' engineering unknown 

 Early attempts at fortilicatiou 

 Fortified rock of Sigiri 



Page 



Forests, their real security . . 466 



Thorns planted as defences . . 466 

 Bridges and ferries .... 466 

 Method of tying cut stone in forming 



tanks 467 



Tank sluices 407 



Defective construction of these reser- 

 voirs 407 



The art of engineering lost . . 408 

 The " Giants' Tank " a failure . . 408 

 An aqueduct formed, A. d. 66 . . 409 



CHAP. VII. 



THE FINE ARTS. 



3Iusic, its early cultivation . . 470 

 Harsh character of Singhalese 



music 470 



Tom-toms, their variety and anti- 

 quity 471 



Singhalese gamut .... 472 

 Painting. — Imagination discouraged. 472 

 Similarity of Singhalese toEgyptian 



art 472 



Rigid rules for religious design . 473 

 Similar trammels on art in Modern 



Greece . . . (jiote) 473 



And in Italy in the loth century (jt.) 474 



Celebrated Singhalese painters . 475 



Sculpture. — Statues of Buddha . . 475 



Built statues 477 



Painted statues .... 477 

 Statues formed of gems . . . 477 

 Ivory and sandal-wood carved . 477 

 Architecture, its ruins exclusively re- 

 ligious 478 



Domestic architecture mean at all 



times 478 



Stone quarried by wedges . . 478 

 Immense slabs thus prepared . 479 



Columns at Anarajapoora . . 479 

 Materials for building . . , 479 

 Mode of constructing a dagoba . 480 

 Enonnous dimensions of these 



structures 480 



Jlonastcries and wiharas . . 481 



Palaces 482 



Carvings in stone .... 483 



Ubiquity of the honours shown to 

 goose ...... 484 



Delicate outline of Singhalese carv- 

 ings 488 



Temples and their decorations . 488 

 Cave temples of Ceylon . . . 489 

 The Alu-wihara . . . .489 

 IMoukling in plaster . . . 489 

 Claim of the Singhalese to the in- 

 vention of oil painting . . 490 

 Lacquer ware of the present day . 400 

 Honey-suckle ornament . . . 491 



CHAP. VIII. 



SOCIAL LIFE. 



Ancient cities and their organisation 493 

 Public buildings, hospitals, shops . 493 

 Anarajapoora, as it appeared in 7th 

 century 493 



