THE FIRST VOLUME. 



XUl 



The description of it by Fa Ilian . 495 

 Carriages and Horses . . . 495 



Horses imported from Persia . . 495 

 Furniture of the houses . . . 49G 

 Form of Government. — Revenue . 497 

 The Army and Navy . . . 498 



Mode of recruiting .... 499 



Arms. — Bows 499 



Singular mode of drawing the bow 



with the foot . . . {note) 499 

 Civil Justice 500 



CHAP. IX. 



SCIENCES. 



Education and schools . . . 501 



Logic 502 



Astronomy and astrology . . . 503 

 Medicine and surgery . . 504 

 King Buddha-dasa a physician . . 504 

 Botany 505 



Geometry 505 



Lightning conductors . . . 50G 

 Kotice of a remarkable passage in the 

 Mahawanso 507 



CHAP. X. 



SINGHALESE LITERATUKE. 



The Pali language .... 512 

 The temples the depositaries of 



learning 512 



Historiographers emploj-ed by the 



kings 512 



Ola books, how prepared . . 513 

 A stile, and the mode of writing . 513 

 Books on plates of metal {note) 513 

 Differences between Elu and Sing- 

 halese 513 



Pali works : 



Grammar 514 



Hardy's list of Singhalese books 



(note) 515 

 Pali books all written in vei'se . 515 



The PittaJias 515 



The Jatakas — resemble the Talmud 516 

 Pali literature generally . .516 

 The 3Iilinda-prasna . . . 516 

 Pali historical books and their cha- 

 racter 517 



The 3Iuhatuanso .... 517 

 Scriptural coincidences in Pali 

 books .... {note) 518 



Page 

 Sanskrit works : 

 Principally on science and medi- 

 cine 520 



Elu and Singhalese works : 



Low tone of the popular literature 520 

 Chiefly ballads and metrical essays 521 

 Exempt from licentiousness . . 521 

 Sacred poems in honour of Hindu 



gods 521 



General literature of the people • 522 



CHAP. XL 



BUDDHISM AND DEMON-WOKSHIP. 



Buddhisin as it exists in Ceylon . 523 



Which was the more ancient, Brah- 



manism or Buddhism . . . 523 

 Various authorities . . {note) 523 

 Buddhism, its extreme antiquitj' , 524 

 Its prodigious influence . . . 524 

 Sought to be identified with the 



Druids .... {note) 524 

 Buddhism an agent of civilisation . 525 

 Its features in Ceylon . . . 526 

 The various forms elsewhere . . 527 

 Points that distinguish it from Brah- 



manism 528 



Buddhist theory of human perfection 528 

 Its treatment of caste . . . 530 



Its respect for other religions . . 530 

 Anecdote, illustrative of . {note) 530 



Its cosmogony 531 



Its doctrine of " necessity " . . . 532 



Transmigration 533 



Illustration from Lucan . {note) 533 

 The priesthood and its attributes . 534 

 Buddhist morals .... 534 

 Prohibition to take life . . . 534 

 Form of worship .... 635 

 Brahmanical corruptions . . . 686 

 Failure of Buddhism as a sustaining 



faith 537 



Its moral influence over the people . 538 

 Demon-worship ..... 539 

 Trees dedicated to demons {note) 540 

 Devil priests and their orgies . . 541 

 Ascendency of these superstitions . 542 

 Buddhism as an obstacle to Chris- 

 tianity 543 



Difiiculties presented by the morals 



of Buddhism 544 



Prohibition against taking away 



life {note) 544 



PART V. 

 MEDIEVAL HISTOEY. 



CHAPTER I. 



CETLON AS KNOWN TO THE GREEKS 

 AND ROMANS. 



First heard of by the companions of 

 Alexander the Great , . . 549 



Various ancient names of Ceylon 



{note) 549 

 Early doubts whether it was an island 



or a continent .... 550 

 Mentioned by Aristotle . .550 



