THE FIRST VOLUME. 



XI 



CHAP. XII. 



PATE OF THE SINGHALESE MONARCHY. 



ARRIVAL OF THE PORTUGUESE. 

 A.D. 1505. 



Page 

 Prakrama Bahu, the last powerful 



kinff 411 



Anarchy follows on his decease . .411 

 A.D. 1197. The Queen Leela-Wattee 412 

 A.D. 1211. Keturn of the Malabar 



invaders 412 



The Malabars establish themselves at 

 Jaffna 413 



Early history of Jaffna . . . 413 

 A.D. 1235. The new capital at Dam- 



bedenia 413 



Extending ruin of Ceylon . . 41 1 



Kandy founded as a new capital . 414 

 Successive removals of the seat of 

 Government to Yapahoo, Korne- 

 galle, Gampola, Kand}', and Cotta 415 

 Ascendancy of the Malabars . . 415 

 A.D. 1410. The King of Ceylon car- 

 ried captive to China . . . Aid 

 Ceylon tributary to China . . . 417 

 Arrival of the Portuguese in Ceylon . 418 



PART IV. 

 SCIENCES AND SOCIAL ARTS. 



CHAPTER I. 



rorULATION, CASTE, SLAVERY, AND 

 KAJA -KARIYA. 



Population encouraged by the fertility 

 of Ceylon 421 



Evidence of its former extent in the 

 ruins of the tanks and canals . . 422 



Means by which the population was 

 preserved 423 



Causes of its dispersion — the ruin of 

 the tanks 424 



Domestic life similar to that of the 

 Hindus 425 



Respect shown to females . . . 425 



Caste perpetuated in detiance of reli- 

 gious prohibition .... 425 



Particulars in which caste in Cej'lon 

 differs from caste in India . . 425 



Slavery, borrowed from Hindustan . 425 



Compulsory labour or Raja-kariya . 426 



Mode of enforcing it . . . . 427 



CHAP. II. 



AGRICULTURE, IRRIGATION, CATTLE, AND 

 CROPS. 



Agriculture unknovm before the ar- 

 rival of Wijayo .... 429 



Rice was imported into Ceylon in the 

 second century b.c. . . . 429 



The practice of irrigation due to the 

 Hindu kings 430 



\'\^ho taught the science of irriga- 

 tion to the Singhalese . (iwte) 430 



The first tank constructed B.C. 504 . 431 



Gardens and fruit-trees first planted 432 



Value of artificial irrigation in the 

 north of Ceylon .... 432 



In the south of the island the rains 

 sustain cultivation . . . 432 



Two harvests in the year in the south 



of the island 432 



In the north, where rains are uncer- 

 tain, tanks indispensable . . 432 

 Irrigation the occupation of kings . 434 

 The municipal village-system of cul- 

 tivation 434 



"Assoedamislng " of rice lands in the 



mountains 434 



Temple villages and their tenure . 434 

 Farm-stock buffaloes and cows . . 433 

 A Singhalese garden described . . 435 

 Coco-nut palm rarely mentioned in 



early writings .... 43G 

 Doubt whether it be indigenous to 



Ceylon 436 



The Mango and other fruits . . 437 

 Rice and curry mentioned in the 



second century b.c. . , . 437 

 Animal food used by the early Sin- 

 ghalese 438 



Betel, antiquity of the custom of 



chewing it 438 



Intoxicating liquors known at an 

 early period 439 



CHAP. III. 



EARLY COMMERCE, SHIPPING, AND PRO- 

 DUCTIONS. 



Trade entirely in the hands of stran- 

 gers 410 



Native shipping unconnected with 

 commerce 440 



Same indifference to trade prevails at 

 this day 441 



Singhalese boats all copied from fo- 

 reign models 442 



All sewn together and without iron . 442 



Romance of the " Loadstone Island ' 443 



The legend believed by Greeks and 

 the Chinese 413 



