VI 



CONTENTS or 



Page 

 July and Angust, September, October, 



November. N.E. monsoon . . 63 

 December ...... 64 



Annual quantity of rain in Ceylon 



and Hindustan . . . (note) 65 

 Opposite climates of the same moun- 

 tain 66 



Climate of Galle . . . .67 



Kandy and its climate . . .67 



Mists and hail 69 



Climate of Trincomalie (text and note) 70 

 Jaffna and its climate . . .71 



Waterspouts 72 



Anthelia 73 



Buddha rays 73 



Ceylon as a sanatarium. — Neuera-ellia 74: 



Health 75 



Malaria ...... 76 



Food and wine . . .76, 77 

 EflFects of the climate of Ceylon on 



disease 79 



Precautions for health . . .80 



CHAP. III. 



VEGETATION. — TREES AKD PLANTS. 



The Flora of Ceylon imperfectly 



known 83 



Vegetation similar to that of India 



and the Eastern Archipelago . . 84 

 Trees of the sea-borde. — Mangroves. 



— Screw-pines, Sonneratia . . 85 

 The Northern Plains. — Euphorbia? 



Cassia. — Mustard-tree of Scripture 87 

 Western coast. — Luxurious vegeta 



tion 



Eastern coast .... 



Pitcher plant.— Orchids . . .88 



Vines 89 



Botany of the Mountains. — Iron-wood, 



Bamboo, European fruit-trees . 90 



Tea-plant — Rhododendron — Miche- 

 lia 90 



Eapid disappearance of dead trees 

 in the forests . . . .91 



Trees with natural buttresses . 91 



Page 

 92 



Flowering Trees. — Coral tree 

 The Murutu — Imbul — Cotton tree 



— Champac 



The Upas Tree — Poisons of Ceylon 



The Banyan 



The Sacred Bo-tree 

 The India Rubber- tree — The Snake- 

 tree 



Kumbuk-tree: lime in its bark 

 Curiotis Seeds. — The Dorian, Sterculia 

 fatida . . . . 99, 100 

 The Sea Pomegranate . . .100 

 Stryclinos, curious belief as to its 

 poison . . . . 101 



Euphorbice — The Coiv-tree, error re- 

 garding . . . (note) 101 

 Climbing plants, Epiphj'tes, and flow- 

 ering creepers .... 

 Orchids. — Brilliant terrestrial orchid, 

 the Wanna-raja. — Square- stemmed 

 Vine .... 

 Gigantic climbing Plants . 

 Enormous bean 



Bonduc seeds. — Ratans — Patau 

 bridges .... 

 Thorny Trees. — Raised as a natural 

 fortification by the Kandyans 

 The buffalo thorn. Acacia tomen 

 tosa ..... 

 Palms ..... 



Coco-nut — Talipat . 

 Palmyra .... 



Jaggery Palm — Areca Palm 

 Betel-chewing, its theory and uses 

 Pingos ..... 

 Timber Trees .... 

 Jakwood— Del- Teak . 



Suria 



Calnnet Woods. — Satin-wood — Ebony 

 — Cadooberia 

 Calamander, its I'arity and beauty 

 Tamarind .... 

 Fruit-trees ..... 

 Remarkable power of trees to gene- 

 rate cold and keep their fruit chill 

 Acjuntic Plants — Lotus, red and blue 123 

 Desmanthus natans, an aquatic sen- 

 sitive plant 123 



102 



103 

 104 

 105 



106 



107 



108 

 109 

 110 

 111 

 112 

 112 

 114 

 115 

 116 

 117 



117 



lis 



119 

 119 



121 



PAET II. 



ZOOLOGY. 



CHAPTER I. 



JIAMJIALIA. 



Neglect of Zoology in Ceylon . . 127 



Monkeys 128 



Wanderoo 129 



Error regarding the Silenus Ve- 



ter {note) 129 



Presbytea Cephalopterus . . 130 



P. Ursinus in the llillg . . 131 



P. Thersites in the Wanny . . 132 

 P. Priamus, Jaffna and Trincomalie 132 

 No dead monkey ever found . . 133 

 Loris . . ' . . . .133 



Bats 135 



Flying fox 135 



Horse-shoe bat .... 136 

 Carnivora.— Beavs . . . .137 



Their ferocity .... 138 



