180 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on the Suborders and 



Mouth very protractile, prsemaxillary with an 



upward lateral process ; palate toothless. . 17. Gerridne. 



Mouth moderately protractile ; palate toothless ; 



anal longer than soft dorsal ; body scaly . . 18. Lactariidce. 



Mouth moderately protractile ; palate tooth- 

 less ; anal much longer than soft dorsal ; 

 body naked 19. Trichodontidee. 



ft Transverse processes developed on the third vertebra 

 and bearing the rib ; palate usually toothless. 



No subocular shelf ; teeth small 22. Pri&tipomatida. 



A subocular shelf; teeth often either cutting 



in front or molar-like on the sides 23. Spar idee. 



A subocular shelf ; teeth very small or absent ; 



a pair of barbels on the throat 24. Midlidce. 



** Ventrals rather far behind the base of the pectorals ; 

 lower pectoral rays unbranched, often thickened; no 

 subocular shelf. 

 Anal fin nearly as long as the soft dorsal .... 20. Latndidts. 

 Anal tin much shorter than the soft dorsal .... 21. Hitplodactijlida-. 

 )3. Gill-membranes attached to the isthmus. 

 * Scales well developed ; vertebrae 24 or more. 

 A subocular shelf ; mouth small ; palate 



toothless 27. Cluetodontida. 



No subocular shelf ; mouth small ; palate 



tuothless 28. Drepanidce. 



Subocular shelf more or less developed ; a 



superb-ranch iai respiratory organ 31. Osphromenidce. 



** Scales minute ; mouth small ; vertebra? 22 or 23. 



Post-temporal not distinctly forked ; vertebras 

 with strong transverse processes ; ventrals 

 with 1 spine and 2 to 6 soft rays 29. Acanthuridee. 



Post-temporal forked ; vertebrae without trans- 

 verse processes ; ventrals with 2 spines and 

 3 soft rays between them 30. Teuthidida-. 



b. Lower pharyngeals completely united into one bone, without 

 median suture 32. Embiotocidce. 



B. A single nostril on each side ; lower pharyngeal bones more or 

 less completely united, but with persistent suture ; no sub- 

 ocular shelf; palate toothless 33. CichUdce. 



II. Gills three and a half ; lower pharyngeals completely united into 

 one bone, without median suture ; palate toothless. 

 A single nostril on each side ; teeth conical or 



incisor-like ; a subocular shelf 34. Pomacenfridcp. 



Two nostrils on each side ; anterior teeth 



usually strong and canine-like ; teeth on 



pharyngeal bones conical or tubercular ; 



no subocular shelf 35. Labridee. 



Two nostrils on each side ; anterior teeth more 



or less coalesced into a beak ; teeth on 



pharyngeal bones flat, tessellated ; no 



subocular shelf 30. Scaridee, 



