426 Dr. A. G. Butler on certain African 



A synopsis of the new forms described above is added to 

 assist in the identification of individual members of this 

 difficult group : — 



A. No fulvous suffusion on the sides, no spots on the 



flanks. 



a. Underfur on median line of hack cinnamon-colour, 



forehead and nape not darker than hack F. o. ocreata. 



b. Underfur on median line dark hrown or Hack, 



forehead and nape darker than hack. 

 a'. Forearms conspicuously ringed with black, 



underside of forearms deep black all over .... F. o. cafra. 

 b'. Forearms inconspicuously ringed, underside of 

 forearms partially black. 



a". General colour pale, ears yellowish F. o. Mellandi. 



b". General colour darker, ears rufous F. o. Uganda. 



B. Sides and limbs suffused with fulvous, well-marked 



brown spots on the flanks F. o. rubida. 



L. — On certain African Butterflies of the Subfamily 

 Pierinse. By Arthur Gr. Butler, Ph.D., F.L.S., &c. 



I THINK every true naturalist will agree with me that fair 

 criticism is valuable as a stimulus, and has the effect of 

 making a good workman exert himself to avoid error as much 

 as possible in his subsequent work. When, however, a man 

 has spared no pains to arrive at the exact truth, has built up 

 his facts brick by brick, until the edifice seems to be com- 

 plete, and another workman, with all the facts before him, 

 misrepresents them, it seems only right to expose the unfair- 

 ness of such criticism. 



In a paper by Prof. Aurivillius published in the Upsala 

 1 Nya Tidnings Aktiebolag 5 last year, and entitled " Results 

 of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Egypt and the 

 "White Nile, 1901, under the direction of L. A. Jagerskiold. 

 — No. 8," the author records two forms of Belenois under the 

 names Pieris gidica, God., var. Westwoodi, Wallengr., and 

 Pieris gidica, God., var. (?) abyssinica, Lucas ; and he ob- 

 serves, "It is very remarkable that Westwoodi also was taken 

 in the dry season at nearly the same time as abyssinica. 

 The relation between P. Westwoodi and abyssinica has been 

 the subject of much discussion, and is not yet sufficiently 

 cleared up. Butler says in 1894 (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894, 

 p. 579), ' I am quite satisfied that B. gidica and B. abyssinica 

 cannot be regarded as distinct species' ; and in 1898 (Trans. 

 Ent. Soc. London, 1898, p. -436), ' I may begin by stating 



