482 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Anatomy and 



spines whicli precede the anal form a separate fin, tliis 

 spinous anal, however, being much shorter than the spinous 

 dorsal and formed of only one to four spines ; tlie caudal has 

 12 or 18 principal rays, of wliich 10 to 12 are branched ; in 

 addition there are 1 to 3 small simple rays above and below. 

 Each pelvic fin is formed of a spine and of from 5 to 

 branched rays ; this suggests relationship to the Berycoids, 

 and indeed the Zeomorphi appear to differ from the Beryco- 

 morphi only in certain features of specialization, such as the 

 reduction in number of tlie caudal rays and the absence of 

 an orbitosphenoid. The simple post-temporal, which bridges 

 the posterior temporal fossa and is rigidly united to the 

 epiotic or parietal above and to the opisthotic or pterotic below, 

 has a ' temporal ' plate firmly attached along its anterior 

 edge ; the cleithrum runs upwards internal to the supra- 

 cleithrum and ends in a pointed projection just beliind the 

 post-temporal, and there is a single post-clcithrum on each 

 side. The first vertebra is very firmly attached to the 

 cranium, the centrum to the basioccipital,and the neural arch, 

 which is open above, to the exoccipitals ; in the prgecaudal 

 region the anterior neural spines are directed backwards, but 

 the posterior ones are erect or even point forwards ; the 

 anterior prsecaudal vertebrae have no parapophyses and the 

 ribs are sessile, but the posterior ones are furnished with 

 downwardly directed parapophyses to which the ribs are 

 attached. 



The fishes which have the above features in common may 

 be thus arranged : — 



Family 1. Zeidae. 



Mouth very protractile ; no supramaxillary ; no subocular 

 shelf. Anterior trunk-muscles not or only just reaching the 

 posterior ends of the froutals, which are formed of ridged, 

 tuberculated, or pitted lateral portions bordering a median 

 depression for the reception of the long posterior processes of 

 the prsemaxillaries ; occipital crest thin; suspensoriura in- 

 clined obliquely forwards and nietapterygoid reduced ; 7 or 8 

 branchiostegals ; 3^ gids, no slit behind the last ; pseudo- 

 branchifle present. 31 to 46 vertebrae. Caudal with 13 

 principal rays, of which 11 are branched ; 1 to 4 anal spines ; 

 each pelvic fin of a spine and 5 to 9 branched rays. 



Recent genera are Zeus, Linn., Zeno2?sis, Gill, Cyttus, 

 Giinth., Cyttopsis, Gill, Cyttvsoma, Gilchr., Neocyttus, Gilchr., 

 Fseudo(yttuSy(}\\c\\\.^ Oreosoma, Cuv. & Ysl\., Zenion, J ord. 

 & Everm., Capromimus, Gill, and Grammicolepis, Poey. 



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