22 THE AMERICAN MONTHLY [Jan. 



wall to any considerable distance. Compare this skeleton 

 if possible with that of" a dog, cat or any other niamtiial. 



14. The Skeleton of Limbs. — Remove ihe skin and 

 mnscalar tissue so as to display the hones of the limb 

 and note the position size and shapes of tlie bones as fol- 

 lows. The front limb is not directly articulated to the 

 body but at the shoulder joint to a plate of bones and car- 

 tilage forming the shoulder girdle^ this consists of two 

 portions: one is dorsal, the scapula\\\ consists of a small 

 elongate bone dorsal to which is a cartilaginous plate 

 the supra-scapula, the other on the ventral side is a large 

 plate of cartilage which meets and oveilaps its mate of 

 the opposite side, coracoid cartilages. These each present 

 a broader \\\w^q\ caracoid proper and a smaller anterior 

 pre-coracoid. In the liinder angle between the two cora- 

 cq\^'a 2i. >^V(\'a\\ sternal cartilage \'S> iowxiiS.. These elements 

 of t\\^ shoulder girdle meet and form a cup-shaped ^/tv/*?/^ 

 cavity into which the bone of the upper arm is articu- 

 lated. There is a single l>one the humerus in the upper 

 arm. In the middle-arm there are two bones, one the 

 radius on the inside, the other the ulna on the outside of 

 the arm. There are four digits in tlie hand wliiidi cor- 

 respond with the outer four in the human, examine them 

 and locate and count the small bones phalanges of which 

 I hey are comj)osed. Carefully dissect the wrist region 

 and find the small ca) pal bones, ^e\.i^.vn\\\\e tliat there are 

 two rows: one distal row at the bases of the digits ; and 

 ix proximal row, iivi\Q.\.\\iii\\\^ \s\i\\ the end of the radius 

 and ulna. As the bones of the carj)us are similar in all 

 the vertebrates their nomenclature is given here. Three 

 are recognized in the proximal row, viz: idnare, intermed- 

 ium and radiate ', four in the distal row viz: carpalia 2, '^, 

 4 and 5 articulating witii the digits '2, o, 4, and .5 (the 

 first being abortive). One more in the centre of the car-' 

 pus the centrale co\n\AQie. the list. 



