8 Address. 



enumeration, and which, as a whole, are of most importance to the 

 country, and which are susceptible of easy estimate or enumeration. 

 Grain and live stock are enumerated, and these are the chief crops of 

 the three western States I have taken for comparison. But there 

 are other productions, often of great local importance, but which are 

 entirely omitted in this national enumeration. Some of these, as for 

 example, poultry, form but a comparatively small item on each farm, 

 but the aggregate value is enormous, and of great value to the 

 country, and of relatively much greater importance in New England 

 than in Illinois, but this would not appear at all in any calculations 

 based on the figures of the National census. The same is true of 

 various productions of minor importance to each farm, but which are 

 nevertheless considerable factors in our farm production. 



In the tables of the census, there is one, " occupations," by which 

 it appeal's that over seventeen millions of the fifty millions of popula- 

 tion or about thirty-six per cent, have " gainful occupation," the re- 

 mainder are the children and the aged, invalids, persons attending 

 school, and the many who have no specified occupation, yet work 

 more or less, the dependent and criminal classes, etc. Of this 17,- 

 392,000 with specified occupations, 7,671,000 are " engaged in agri- 

 culture." There are also figures of the "value of farms, including 

 fences and buildings," of " value of farming implements and ma- 

 chinery," and of "Live stock on farms." These three items make up 

 what I call capital directly employed in agriculture. There is also a 

 column of " estimated value of all farm productions (sold, consumed, 

 or on hand) for 1879." We have also tables of the size of farms, acres 

 of improved land, etc. 



If we divide the " value of all farm productions" by the number 

 of persons "engaged in agriculture," we get the relations of produc- 

 tion to persons employed. Not strictly the relations of productions 

 to actual labor, because in grain raising on the prairies a man's labor 

 is supplemented by more machine work than would be represented 

 by the same amount of farm production in New England ; it would 

 be comparing the results of, say a man and two or three horses, in 

 Illinois or Indiana with the man and one horse in Connecticut. 

 Moreover, steam is there used in threshing and cleaning grain, and 

 we are comparing the man and the steam engine with the man and an 

 ox team. With these disadvantages against us, I give the figures for 

 the whole United States and for the five States, in alphabetical order : 

 Whole United States. $314 03 Indiana, $346 30 



Connecticut, 409 08 Massachusetts, 371 46 



IUionis, 467 51 Ohio, 394 41 



