The natural topography of the area will de- 

 termine to some extent the type of design for 

 camp stove or fireplace most appropriate to 

 the area. On areas similar to the recreation 

 areas of the national forests of northern New 

 England, where the forest camp and picnic 

 area is usually developed on open ground to 

 take maximum advantage of the sun, the camp 

 stove and fireplace must be as inconspicuous 

 as it is practical to make this feature. On other 

 areas, amongst the large timber of the north- 

 west, it is entirely practical to adopt a type of 

 design which is of larger scale and has much 

 in common with the surrounding landscape. 



If the topography of any specific recreation 

 area is rugged and has considerable outcrop 

 of rock, then the design of camp stove and fire- 

 place should be governed accordingly, both as 

 to the texture of the stonework and the kind of 

 stone used for construction. 



The number of camp stoves and fireplaces 

 which should be constructed on any recreation 

 area is determined by the intensity of use on 

 any particular area and also by the type of 

 vegetation which exists upon that area. If the 

 recreation area is covered with a thick growth 

 of trees under which considerable undergrowth 

 and ground cover vegetation exists, the number 

 of units is determined by the number of indi- 

 vidual camp sites which it seems advisable to 

 develop and yet preserve the necessary seclu- 

 sion and privacy which is so essential to camp 

 units. It is estimated that the average number 

 of persons per camp stove will approximate five 

 to seven during any one time. So far as prac- 

 tical, the units should be so separated that each 

 family or each group may have adequate space 

 and may have its own individual camp stove 

 or fireplace. This is particularly true with refer- 

 ence to camp stoves. The mixed use of any 

 individual unit by more than one group leads 

 to confusion and results in unsatisfactory con- 

 ditions. On campgrounds, it is usually neces- 

 sary to provide one stove for each camp site, 

 and on picnic areas to provide one fireplace 

 for the occupants of each three cars. 



Climatic conditions will govern to some extent 

 the kind of construction. In areas where severe 

 chmatic conditions are experienced, and where 

 there are extreme changes of temperature, the 

 most thorough kind of construction should be 

 adopted in order to prevent disintegration of 



the masonry and other damage by frost 

 conditions. 



If the recreation area has an established use 

 which will continue for a considerable period, 

 stoves and fireplaces should be of the most per- 

 manent types, which require a minimum of 

 maintenance and which will endure through a 

 number of years. 



In some localities, there seems to be a pre- 

 vailing inclination toward vandalism. In these 

 locations, the picnickers, in particular, rather 

 enjoy the satisfaction of seeing how much dam- 

 age can be done to camp stoves, fireplaces, and 

 picnic tables. Under such conditions, where 

 these facilities are not used with consideration, 

 an unusually strong and simple construction 

 should be adopted. Whether or not vandahsm 

 prevails in any locality, the movable parts 

 should be securely anchored, or attached with 

 a chain, in order that these parts may be kept 

 in proper relation to the camp stove and hre- 

 place. Signs placed in a conspicuous location 

 near the fireplace, and containing instructions 

 as to the proper use of these facilities might 

 avoid some of the damage which is now caused 

 to camp stoves and fireplaces partly because 

 of lack of this information. 



In locations where the fire hazard is great 

 and where it is necessary to douse the fire with 

 water, a type of construction must be adopted 

 which will withstand these extreme changes of 

 temperature. 



Larger and more massive types of camp units 

 are adapted only to those locations where large 

 timber prevails and where there is adequate 

 opportunity to screen the individual camp sites 

 from each other. An unfortunate effect will be 

 produced in the general landscape composi- 

 tion if massive types of camp stoves and fire- 

 places are used in areas which are generally 

 open and unprotected. 



The question of fire hazard is also an import- 

 ant factor which makes it necessary to use a 

 type of design and construction which produces 

 the minimum danger of fire. In these locations 

 of high fire hazard the use of the solid plate and 

 the use of dampers and spark arresters in the 

 chimneys may be essential. 



The availability of different kinds of materials 

 to be used in construction is an important fac- 

 tor in determining the type of stonework in any 

 fireplace. The types of stone and the ease with 



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