TYPES OF FIREPLACES 



JLHE simple types shown in figures 1, 3, 4, 5, 

 and 6B, are appropriate for forest picnic areas- 

 They are not adapted for camp grounds except 

 where the camper desires to accept the natural 

 inconvencience accompanying "life in the 

 wild." Their simplicity, crudeness of construc- 

 tion, and inconspicuous mass are strongly in 

 their favor. 



FIGURE I 



Crude Fireplace of Boulders or Rocks 

 Loosely Piled in the Shape of a Horse- 

 shoe. This type is not conspicuous; it is in- 

 convenient in use and creates an abnormal 

 fire hazard. It has a place on large open picnic 

 areas because it is not conspicuous. If this is 

 the only type of fireplace provided on the camp 

 grounds, the majority of the campers and pic- 

 nickers will use some kind of a portable gas 

 stove (pi. I, fig. 2) for cooking purposes. The 

 construction of this type of fireplace will vary, 

 depending on the available stone {whether, of 

 the boulder type or of the stratified type). In 

 portions of the country where a stratified stone 

 is available, a few flat stones might be used on 

 which to set pots and pans for warming 

 purposes. 



This fireplace is adapted for use as a camp- 

 fire for light, and especially for warmth in the 

 cool evening hours. In the eastern part of the 

 country, where such a large percentage (in 

 some instances more than 80 percent) of the 

 campers use portable stoves, it is a most prac- 

 tical feature to supplement the gasoline stove. 



FIGURE 2 



Portable Gasoline Stove. This stove is fre- 

 quently used by campers and picnickers es- 

 pecially where there is a scarcity of fuel and 

 lack of properly designed camp stoves and 

 fireplaces adapted for convenient use. It has 

 limited cooking surface, provides quick heat 

 for cooking, and it is also of practical value in 

 rainy weather. 



FIGURE 3 



Fireplace Cut in Rock Ledge. This type of 

 fireplace is very attractive, but often destruc- 

 tive of the natural beauty of the rock out-crop. 

 Such a fireplace is often expensive to construct. 

 It cannot be conveniently used from the sides, 

 and therefore must be of minimum length 

 (15 to 18 inches). A grate of desired length 

 similar to the grate shown in figure 4 may be 

 used. The grate on such a fireplace must be 

 movable, and attached to the ledge writh a 

 chain. In ledge rock which will not withstand 

 extremely high temperatures, it is desirable to 

 construct a fire-clay brick lining in order to 

 protect the stone in the natural ledge. 



FIGURE 4 



Artificial Ledge Effect. — The proposed grate 

 may be either a standard grate such as shown 

 in figure 6B, or a movable grate chained to 

 the rock. In localities where a suitable type of 

 ledge rock is available, the construction of this 

 type of fireplace may not involve an abnormal 

 expense, and may be a most interesting feature. 



FIGURE 5 



Open End Single Stone Type. This is the 

 simplest form of open fireplace, and is to be 

 strongly discouraged where fire hazard is 

 present. If the stones are carefully selected, 

 this fireplace is desirable for use on open 

 picnic areas. 



FIGURE 6 



Standard Grates. This figure shows three 

 kinds of standard grates often used for picnic 

 purposes. Each is simple in design, and not 

 unduly conspicuous. 



Type "C" is a simple grate with sheet iron 

 sides. Type "B" is the same kind of a grate with 

 large rocks at each side. The grate in each of 

 these fireplaces is supported by four legs, each 

 of which may be solidly anchored as shown on 

 plate III, figures 4 and 5. Type "B" is the 



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