ORGANIZING 



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A company's civil defense plan will be no better than 

 the organization which is to put it into effect. After a 

 company civil defense coordinator has been designated 

 and an advisory committee selected, all companies 

 should organize and train small groups of employees 

 for specialized emergency services, such as firefighting, 

 rescue, police, first aid, chemical and biological defense 

 and radiological monitoring to safeguard the building 

 and its occupants in time of attack or other major 

 disaster. The framework of an effective disaster con- 

 trol or self-help organization is already in existence 

 in most large buildings and industrial plants. For ex- 

 ample, most plants already have organized and trained 

 fire brigades, guard services, rescue teams, first aid 

 and welfare groups. 



In order to be prepared for self-help the problem 

 is simply one of enlarging and extending already or- 

 ganized groups. Industrial physicians or nurses be- 

 come responsible for first-aid and medical self-help, 

 police responsible for maintenance of order, firemen 

 for fire control, etc., with the addition of perhafw a 

 few teams concerned with radiological monitoring, 

 chemical and biological defense, and rescue. 



This organization should be formed in two steps. 

 The first is preparation of the company's regular plant 

 protective services to perform emergency duties corre- 

 sponding to their peacetime resjwnsibilities. Such 

 services, necessary to both peacetime and emergency 

 opyeration, are communications, police, fire, rescue, 

 health, engineering and welfare services. The second 

 step is establishment of emergency services for which 

 there is no normal counterpart. These include warn- 

 ing, radiological monitoring, decontamination, war- 

 dens, shelter management, alternate headquarters, 

 continuity of management, and records protection. 



When all of the company's trained specialists have 

 been assigned to the emergency groups for which they 

 are best fitted, such groups can be expanded to the 

 desired strength by auxiliaries — employees selected on 



the basis of experience and qualifications and trained 

 in established in-plant training courses to perform spe- 

 cific emergency duties. An inventory of employee 

 experiences and interests vrill bring out many skills use- 

 ful to the protective functions. 



In smaller companies, the civil defense organization 

 will need to be adapted to the smaller number of oflS- 

 cials and organizational units. 



Present directors of the regular plant protective serv- 

 ices should be given the responsibility for the corre- 

 sponding emergency services. For the added services, 

 it will probably be necessary to train new leaders. 

 Personnel for the posts should be chosen on the basis 

 of experience and qualifications, then trained at the 

 various civil defense training schools. 



The company's emergency organization should not 

 replace the normal plant protective forces. It should 

 be designed so as to expand existing protective groups 

 to meet large-scale disasters. The extent of the expan- 

 sion will have to be determined by the study of plant 

 vulnerability and by special characteristics which may 

 have a bearing on the makeup of the protective orga- 

 nization. The civil defense coordinator must be sure 

 that his emergency services are adequate to meet any 

 s{>ecial problems which are likely to arise. 



The plant's emergency groups should be prepared 

 to help community civU defense preparations as well 

 as their own organization. They wUl be able to serve 

 as auxiliaries in the local government's emergency or- 

 ganization, thus giving the community a built-in capa- 

 bility for disaster action on a broad scale. 



Any plant is capable of organizing for its own 

 self-protection, provided that management supplies 

 leadership and a chain of command for emergency 

 planning and emergency action. 



In many ways the average industrial plant is like a 

 small community'. The plant protection or emergency 

 organization resembles the organization structure of 

 the local government. 



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