SHELTERS 



The key effort in the National Civil Defense Program 

 is the establishment of a nationwide system of fallout 

 shelters. As the first step the Federal Government has 

 made a national fallout shelter survey to determine the 

 amount of shelter space which already exists in major 

 buildings all over the country. This national fallout 

 shelter survey has uncovered over 104 million shelter 

 spaces in existing facilities, many of which are located 

 in business and industrial establishments. 



The minimum fallout "protection factor" for public 

 shelters is 40. This means that the radiation measure- 

 ment inside the shelter would be y^gih — or 21/2 per- 

 cent of the radiation measurement outside the shelter. 

 Also, in order to qualify as a public shelter the space 

 must accommodate 50 people or more (with a net 

 space of 10 square feet per person with ventilation of 3 

 cubic feet per minute per person; or 500 cubic feet per 

 person without mechanical ventilation) and have a 

 storage capacity for supplies and equipment of approxi- 

 mately 11,4 cubic feet per person. 



Facilities which are needed and which meet these 

 minimum requirements and which are licensed will be 

 marked and stocked with shelter supplies by the Federal 

 Government for use as public shelters. 



Therefore, as applies only to existing construction 

 facilities offering protection factors of 40 to 99 or more 

 will be approved for marking and provisioning as pub- 

 lic shelters by the Federal Government. 



Supplies provided by the Federal Government in- 

 clude a special austere food ration of 10,000 calories 

 per person, metal containers for 14 quarts of water 

 per person, medical and sanitation items, and radiation 

 detection and measuring instruments. 



Local civil defense directors have the final decision 

 in determining the need for licensing, marking, and 

 stocking shelters. 



WARNING 



The backbone of the civil defense warning system is 

 the National Warning System (NAWAS), which links 

 the OCD National Warning Center at NORAD head- 

 quarters and seven OCD warning centers at NORAD 

 regions with 500 warning points in the continental 

 United States. Once it has been determined that at- 

 tack is probable or imminent. OCD warning centers 

 disseminate an air raid warning and supplemental in- 

 formation to the 500 warning points. They, in turn, 

 relay the warning and the warning time to approxi- 

 mately 3,500 secondary warning points, which pass the 

 warning to local officials responsible for warning the 

 public. 



There are two civil defense warning signals, the (1) 

 'ALERT" and (2) 'TAKE COVER" sounded on out- 

 door warning devices. The "ALERT" signal is a 3- to 

 5-minute steady blast or tone, meaning "attack is prob- 

 able — take action as directed by local government." 

 The "TAKE COVER" signal is a 3-minute wailing tone 

 or a series of short blasts meaning "attack is immi- 

 nent — take cover immediately in the best available 

 shelter." 



RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE 



Radiological monitoring is an indisjjensable service 

 to all civil defense organizations and their operations. 

 In the event of a nuclear attack, trained monitors 

 will be required to furnish information essential for 

 human protection. Monitoring services will be required 

 from the period shortly after a nuclear attack until the 

 radiological hazard from fallout diminishes to the point 

 that normal activities may be resumed without 

 significant danger. 



A minimum of 150,000 monitoring stations is re- 

 quired across the LInited States to provide effective 

 service at Federal, State and local levels of government, 



