STRUCTURAL BOTANY 



These differences, however, do not otherwise affect the 

 anatomy. Although the same general structure is 

 maintained throughout the shoot, yet in the minute 

 ultimate branches the number of bundles becomes 

 much reduced, often down to three, and in these cases 



the appearance of 

 the transverse 

 section may be 

 very different from 

 that of a main 

 stem or larger 

 branch (see Fig. 

 40). 



We will now 

 consider the tissues 

 rather more in 

 detail, and will 

 begin with the 

 vascular bundles. 

 Each bundle is 

 normally collateral, 



stem, v.b, the three vascular bundles, each * with X 7 lem on 

 with its own endodermis ; st, the depressed its inner and 

 stomata. The pith is hollow, but there are 

 no vallecular cavities. Almost the whole 

 cortex is assimilating tissue. Magnified 100 

 (R. S.) 



FIG. 40. Equisetum limosum ; transverse 

 section of an ultimate branch of the aerial 



diameters. 



phloem on its outer 

 side. The carinal 

 cavity marks the 

 position of the protoxylem or first formed tracheides 

 of the bundle (see Fig. 39). Here a few tracheides 

 have become thickened (in an annular or spiral 

 manner) at a very early stage of growth ; consequently 

 they cannot follow the expansion of the surround- 

 ing tissues, and a rupture takes place, forming the 

 cavity. Projecting from the walls of this cavity we see 



