BACILLI OF THE COLON. 61 



thrown into a trench so placed that the surface drain- 

 age is away from the well or the nearest water-course. 

 Quicklime should cover the stool in the trench- and 

 over this dirt should be thrown. The urine should be 

 disinfected with carbolic acid solution in the same 

 manner. All urinals and bed-pans must be disinfected 

 with carbolic solution after being used. 



The patient should have eating utensils and toilet 

 articles for his own exclusive use, which should be 

 marked and kept separate from all others. Remnants 

 of food should be burned or disinfected away from 

 the kitchen. 



Nurses and attendants "on typhoid patients must 

 always wash their hands after handling the patient in 

 a i : 1000 solution of bichloride of mercury. Uni- 

 forms and linen that have been worn in the patient's 

 room should be soaked in carbolic solution before be- 

 ing taken to the laundry. Nurses should not eat in 

 the same room with typhoid patients. The direct 

 infection from patient to nurse is not at all uncommon, 

 and the directions just given must be strictly observed. 



After recovery the patient should be given a full 

 bath before leaving the room, and the room, itself 

 disinfected in the usual way. 



Infection with the typhoid bacillus is followed by 

 an immunity to the disease which persists for a vari- 

 able length of time, sometimes for life. Instances of 

 reinfection are rare. The immunity is conferred by 

 the presence in the blood of protective substances 

 known as bacteriolysins and agglutinins. The former 



