STRUCTURE.] AUTHOR^ METHOD. :>:3 



Sometimes the gland is solitary, and quite naked above, as in the common oak; 

 sometimes there is more than one completely enclosed in the cupule, as the 

 beech and sweet chesnut. 



Examples. Quercus, Corylus, Castanea. 



XXV. CYPSELA. (Akena, NecJcer ; Akenium, Kick.; Cypsela, Mirb.; Stepha- 



noum, Deav.) fig. 149, 150. 



One-seeded, one-celled, indehiscent, with the integuments of the seed not 

 cohering with the endocarpium ; in the ovarium state evincing its compound 

 nature by the presence of two or more stigmata; but nevertheless unilocular 

 and having but one ovulum. Such is the true structure of the Achenium; 

 but as that term is often applied to the simple superior fruits, called Nux by 

 Linnaeus, I have thought it better, in order to avoid confusion, to adopt the 

 name Cypsela. 



Examples. All Composites. 



XXVI. CREMOCARPIUM. (Cremocarpium, Mirb.; Polakenium, or Pentake- 



nium, Rich.; Carpadelium, Desv.) fig. 155, 160, 161. 



Two- to five-celled, inferior; cells one-seeded, indehiscent, dry, perfectly 

 close at all times; when ripe separating from a common axis. M. Mirbel 

 confines the application of cremocarpium to Umbelliferse: but it is better to 

 let it apply to all fruits which will come within the above definition. It will 

 then be the same as Richard's Polakenium, excluding those forms in which the 

 fruit is superior. The latter botanist qualifies his term Polakenium according 

 to the number of cells of the fruit: thus when there are two cells it isdiakenium, 

 three tridkenium, and so on. M. De Candolle calls the half of the fruit of 

 Umbelliferse mericarp. 



Examples. Umbellifers, Aralia, Galium. 



XXVII. DIPLOTEGIA. (Diplotegia, Desv.) 



One- or many-celled, many-seeded, inferior, dry, usually bursting either by 

 pores or valves. This differs from the capsule only in being adherent to the 

 calyx. 



Examples. Campanula, Leptospermum. 



B. Pericarpium fleshy. 



XXVIII. POMUM. Apple, or Pome. (Melonidium, Rich.; Pyridium, Mirb.; 

 Pyrenarium, Desvaux ; Antrum, Mcench.) fig. 167. 



Two or more celled, few-seeded, inferior, indehiscent, fleshy; the seeds dis- 

 tinctly enclosed in dry cells, with a bony or cartilaginous lining, formed by 

 the cohesion of several ovaria with the sides of the fleshy tube of a calyx, and 

 sometimes with each other. These ovaria are called Parietal by M. Richard. 

 Some forms of Nuculanium and this differ only in the former being distinct 

 from the calyx. 



Examples. Apple, Cotoneaster, Crateegus. 



XXIX. PEPO. (Peponida, Rich.) 



One-celled, many-seeded, inferior, indehiscent, fleshy; the seeds attached to 

 parietal pulpy placentae. This fruit has its cavity frequently filled at maturity 



