120 FUNGALS. [BOOK i. 



cases of parasitism upon living animal bodies. The silkworm, 

 and hymenopterous insects, are destroyed by the action of 

 certain species of Botrytis in the one case, and Sphseria in the 

 other, which attack them while alive. 



Notwithstanding the extreme simplicity of these plants, 

 writers upon Fungi have contrived to multiply the terms 

 relating to them in a remarkable manner. The following are 

 those which are most usually employed. 



1. The Pileus, or Cap, is the uppermost part of the plant of 

 an Agaricus, and resembles an umbrella in form. 



2. The Stipes, is the stalk that supports the pileus. 



3. The Volva, or Wrapper, is the involucrum-like base of the 

 stipes of Agaricus. It originally was a bag enveloping 

 the whole plant, and was left at the foot of the stipes 

 when the plant elongated and burst through it. 



4. The Velum, or Veil, is a horizontal membrane, connecting 

 the margin of the pileus with the stipes : when it is 

 adnate with the surface of the pileus, it is a velum uni- 

 versale ; when it extends only from the margin of the 

 pileus to the stipes, it is a velum partiale. 



5. The Annulus, is that part of the veil which remains next 



the stipes, which it surrounds like a loose collar. 



6. Cortina, is a name given to a portion of the velum which 

 adheres to the margin of the pileus in fragments. 



7. The Hymenium, is the part in which the reproductive 



organs immediately lie; in Agaricus, it consists of 

 parallel plates, called lamella, or gills. These are adnate 

 with the stipes, when the end next it coheres with it : 

 when they are adnate, and at the same time do not ter- 

 minate abruptly at the stipes, but are carried down it 

 more or less, they are decurrent ; if they do not adhere 

 to the stipes, they are said to be/ree. 



8. Stroma, is a fleshy body to which flocci are attached ; as 



in Isaria and Cephalotrichum. 



9. Flocci, are woolly filaments found mixed with sporules in 



the inside of many Gastromyci. The same name is also 

 applied to the external filaments of Byssaceae. 

 10. Orbiculus, is a round flat hymenium contained within the 

 peridium of some fungi ; as Nidularia. W. 



