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ESTIVATION. 



[BOOK in. 



covered by the outer in such a way that each of the exterior rows overlaps 

 half of two of the interior ; as in Liliacese. 



2 1 . Vexillary (vexillaris) ; when one piece is much larger than the others, and 

 is folded over them, they being arranged face to face ; as in papilionaceous 

 flowers. 



22. Cochlear (cochlearls) ; when one piece, being larger than the others, and 

 hollowed like a helmet or bowl, covers all the others ; as in Aconitum, some 

 species of personate plants, &c. 



2. Of Direction. 



1. Erect (erectus, arrectus) ; pointing towards the zenith. 



2. Straight (rectus) ; not wavy or curved, or deviating from a straight direction 

 in any way. 



3. Very straight (strictus) ; the same as the last, but in excess. 



4. Swimming (natans) ; floating under water ; as Confervee. 



5. Floating (fluitans) ; floating upon the surface of water ; as the leaves of 



Nuphar. 



6. Submersed (submersus, demersus) ; buried beneath water. 



7. Descending (descendens) ; having a direction gradually downwards. 



8. Hanging down (dependents) ; having a downward direction, caused by its 



own weight. 



1C 



9. Ascending (ascendens, assurgens) ; having a direction upwards, with an 

 oblique base ; as many seeds. 



1 0. Perpendicular (verticalis, perpendicularis) ; being at right angles with some 

 other body. 



1 1. Oblique (obliquus) ; when the margin points to the heavens, the apex to the 

 horizon ; as the leaves of Protea and Fritillaria. 



12. Horizontal (horizontalis) ; when the plane points to the heavens, the apex to 



the horizon, as most leaves. 



13. Inverted (inversus) ; having the apex of one thing in an opposite direction 



to that of another ; as many seeds. 



14. Re volute (revolutus); rolled backwards from the direction ordinarily assumed 



by similar other bodies ; as certain tendrils, and the ends of some leaves. 



