8 FATS, OILS, AND WAXES 



Besides acids of the fatty series whose general formula is 

 C n H 2n O 2 , acids belonging to several other series, poorer in 

 hydrogen than the above, are found in fats. The simplest 

 example of such a series of acids is furnished by the acids of 

 the Oleic series, the members of which differ from the corre- 

 sponding members of the fatty acid series in having two atoms 

 of hydrogen less. 



Some of the more important acids of this group are given 

 below. 



1. Acids of the OLEIC or ACRYLIC series. 



General formula C n H 2n _ 2 O 2 . 



C 5 H 8 O 2 Tiglic acid 



C 18 H 342 Oleic acid 



CjgH^Ojj Elai'dic acid 



CjgH^Ojj Iso-oleic acid 



C 22 H 42 O 2 Erucic acid 



C 22 H 42 O 2 Brassidic acid 



The most widely distributed of these acids is undoubtedly 

 oleic acid, which, in the form of its glyceride triolein, 



C 17 H 33 COOCH 2 



I 



C 17 H 33 COOCH 

 C 17 H 33 COOCH 2 



forms an important constituent of most vegetable and animal 

 oils. 



2. Acids of the LlNOLIC series. 



General formula C n H 2n _ 4 O 2 . 



(a) Open chain compounds, C 18 H 32 O 2 Linolic acid and its various isomers. 



(b) Cyclic compounds, C 16 H a8 O 2 Hydnocarpic acid. 



CjgH^Ojj Chaulmoogric acid. 



3. Acids of the LlNOLENIC series. 



General formula C n H 2n _ 6 O 2 . 



CjgH^Og Linolenic acid and its isomers. 



4. Acids of the CLUPANODONIC series. 



General formula C n H 2n _ 8 O 2 . 



C 18 H 28 O 2 Clupanodonic acid. 



5. Acids of the RlCINOLEIC series. 



General formula C n H 2n _ 2 O 3 . 



doH-.O, Ricinoleic acid and its isomers. 



